Larval diet and temperature alter mosquito immunity and development: using body size and developmental traits to track carry-over effects on longevity

Table 1 Generalized linear models of the baseline expression of immune genes in 5-day-old adult females

Predictors	Toll pathway				JAK-STAT pathway			Imd pathway	Antimicrobial peptides
Predictors	Spa	Tol	Rel	Cac	Dom	Hop	PIA	Cas	Def	Cec
Larval diet (high)	*	***	***	***	NS	***	**	***	***	**
Larval diet (high)	0.38	1.13	−0.64	3.33	−0.12	0.91	0.95	0.80	2.44	0.51
Temperature (30 °C)	**	–	***	*	–	*	*	–	–	–
Temperature (30 °C)	−0.69	–	−0.73	0.93	–	−0.40	−0.69	–	–	–
Diet × temp.	*	–	***	NS	–	–	–	–	–	–
Diet × temp.	0.69	–	1.37	−0.76	–	–	–	–	–	–

Abbreviations used in the table listed as follows. Spa: spaetzle 1A, Tol: toll 1B, Rel: Rel 1A, Cac: cactus, Def: defensin C, Cec: cecropin D, Dom: domeless., Hop: hopscotch, PIA: PIAS 2, Cas: caspar. *, ** and ***: significant level at 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001. NS: not significant. Numbers in each column of the table represent the estimates in each GLM and “–” identifies predictors that were not retained in each best fit model. Gene expression was measured by the relative fold change of Ct values compared with the internal control gene S7 and using the samples reared at 25 °C as reference samples using the delta–delta Ct method

ISSN: 1756-3305