Table 5 Thermodynamics and insects activities

[47]

To determine how thermodynamics constrains the evolution of growth rates of insect population

Population dynamics of insects were altered by the adaptation to temperatures. In addition, diverse physiological and biochemical adaptations allow ectotherms to survive and reproduce in different temperature regimes

[48]

To determine the extent to which thermodynamics of biological rates constrains the thermal adaptation of developing ectotherms

Using biophysical Sharpe–School field model, the study explained the dependence between temperature and body size in ectotherms, and predicted the temperature tolerance limits in developing ectotherms and patterns of thermal adaptation among and within the species. On the basis of the study findings, the enzyme activity–stability trade-off is the most important thermodynamic constraint and limits the viable development of majority of ectotherms to a relatively small thermal tolerance range

[49]

To understand the thermal sense of blood-sucking insects and why physics matters in such context

The loss of heat by endotherms to the environment happens if the environment is colder. Such energy is absorbed by other ectotherms, and this can make them increase their temperature, which in turn can activate specialized molecular receptors and generate a nervous signal. Insects, therefore, need to deal with the two variants of thermal information, which are fluctuations of temperature and heat exchange

[50]

To understand insect thermodynamics

The study pointed out that the accuracy of inferences on how organisms respond to thermal perturbations in their environments depends on two parameters, namely, the temperature of an organism under prevailing microclimatic conditions, and secondly, the organism’s performance at that temperature

[51]

To understand the thermodynamic properties of insect swarms

Insect swarms are well represented as van der Waals gases, and the possibility of thermodynamic cycling is attributed to the swarms consisting of several overlapping sublayers