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Table 2 Repellent effects of ContraZeck® and Zanzarin® against I. ricinus nymphs over time (MO-bioassay)

From: Prevention of infectious tick-borne diseases in humans: Comparative studies of the repellency of different dodecanoic acid-formulations against Ixodes ricinus ticks (Acari: Ixodidae)

Test formulation

Crawling to the tip of the glass rod

Attaching the filter paper on the drum

Dropping off the attachment site

Repellency [%]

 

n

%

n

%

n

%

Significance

 

Blank test

30

100

28

93.3

0

0

  

DDA-based form. Batch 040088 – 1 h

30

100

23

75.7

23

100

p < 0.001* p > 0.05**

100

Batch 040088 – 4 h

30

100

25

83.3

25

100

p < 0.001* p < 0.05**

100

Batch 040088 – 8 h

30

100

23

75.7

23

100

p < 0.001* p > 0.05**

100

Reference# – 1 h

28

93.3

23

82.1

22

95.7

p < 0.001*

96.5

Reference# – 4 h

30

100

29

96.7

24

82.8

p < 0.001*

82.1

Reference# – 8 h

30

100

25

83.3

21

84.0

p < 0.001*

85.7

  1. The quantity of the DDA-based formulation (ContraZeck®) applied per test was about 1 mg/cm2, corresponding to approximately 0.1 mg DDA/cm2. # The reference product Zanzarin® (Bio-Hautschutz Lotion) was applied per test in a concentration of 1.05 mg/cm2.
  2. Significance: *in relation to blank test, **in relation to Zanzarin®. Differences in repellency between both products are significant only 4 hours after application.