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Table 2 Comparison of assays for the effect of chloroquine (CQ) on ΔΨm in Plasmodium falciparum.

From: Apoptotic markers in protozoan parasites

Plasmodium falciparum strain

Chloroquine concentration

Chloroquine incubation time

Probe

Affect on ΔΨm

Reference

F32 (CQ sensitive)

20 nM

20 min

DiOC6(3)

No effect

Nyakeriga et al. [39]

3D7 (CQ sensitive)

7G8 (CQ resistant)

55 nM

1400 nM

18 h

18 h

JC-1

JC-1

Sig. loss

Not sig.

Meslin et al. [14]

3D7 (CQ sensitive)

7G8 (CQ resistant)

K1 (CQ resistant)

>3 μM

>3 μM

>12 μM

4 h

>8 h

>8 h

JC-1

JC-1

JC-1

Sig. loss

Sig. loss

Sig. loss

Ch'ng et al. [37]

  1. All assays were performed in red blood cell stages. Higher doses and longer incubation times altered the effect of the drug on loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) and different strains of parasite reacted differently.