From: Impact of protozoan cell death on parasite-host interactions and pathogenesis
Function | Parasite/Stage | Host | Form of death/Sign. pathway | Citations |
---|---|---|---|---|
Density control | T. brucei/short stumpy | mammal | apoptosis | |
 | T. brucei/procyclic | tsetse fly | apoptosis | |
 | P. berghei, P. falciparum/ookinetes | vector | apoptosis | |
 | T. cruzi/epimastigotes | vector | apoptosis | |
 | T. cruzi/amastigotes | mammal | apoptosis | |
Immune silencing | L. major/promastigotes | mammal | apoptosis | |
 | L. amazonensis/amastigotes | mammal | apoptosis | [65] |
 | T. cruzi/trypomastigotes | vector, mammal | apoptosis | [66] |
 | T. brucei/short stumpy | mammal | apoptosis | [70] |
 | Toxoplasma/tachyzoites | mammal | apoptosis | [71] |
Differentiation | L. major, L. mexicana | sand fly, mammal | autophagy | |
 | T. brucei | mammal, sand fly | autophagy | [81] |
 | T. cruzi/epimastigotes | vector | autophagy | [84] |
Stress response | Â | Â | Â | Â |
starvation | T. brucei | tsetse fly | autophagy | [87] |
ROS, DHA, neuropeptides | T. brucei/blood stream form | mammal | autophagy/autophagic cell death | |
chemotherapeutic agents | T. cruzi/epimastigotes, trypomastigotes | vector, mammal | autophagy/cell death | |
starvation | T. cruci | vector | autophagy | [84] |
heat shock | L. infantum, L. donovani, L. amazonensis | mammal | apoptosis |