Figure 3

Gene order rearrangements within the Schistosoma mitochondrial genome. The Asian schistosomes from the S. japonicum complex appear to have retained the general digenean gene order in their mitochondrial genomes when compared to other flukes such as Fasciola and Paragonimus. However, major gene order changes in the African clades (S. mansoni and S. haematobium) and the S. indicum group are apparent. The phylogeny is a maximum likelihood tree estimated from complete 18S rDNA and gene order rearrangements in mitochondrial genomes provide characters for estimating positions on the phylogeny. Where the cytochrome oxidase genes are cox1, cox2, cox3; NADH dehydrogenase genes are nad1, nad2, nad3, nad4, nad4L, nad5, nad6; ATP synthase gene is atp6, cytochrome b gene is cob, rrnL is 16s, rrnS is 12s SNR, is the short noncoding region and the circles represent tRNAs (Adapted from [22–24]).