Attributes | Egg Stage | Larval Stage L1-L4 | Pupal Stage | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | F♀ X F♂ | F♀ X Mal♂ | Mal♀ X F♂ | Mal♀ X Mal♂ | F♀ X F♂ | F♀ X Mal♂ | Mal♀ X F♂ | Mal♀ X Mal♂ | F♀ X F♂ | F♀ X Mal♂ | Mal♀ X F♂ | Mal♀ X Mal♂ |
Egg-hatching rate (%)± SD | 72.5 ± 25.8 | 57.9 ± 28.2 | 76.0 ± 21.1 | 82.6 ± 13.7 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Survival rate (%) ± SD | - | - | - | - | 94.9 ± 4.9 | 95.6 ± 3.9 | 93.5 ± 6.0 | 86.2†± 12.5 | 93.9 ± 5.8 | 96.7 ± 2.1 | 91.0 ± 7.5 | 93.9 ± 8.1 |
Duration of Immature stage ± SD | 4.5 ± 0.4 | 4.4 ± 0.5 | 3.5 ± 0.9 | 2.9†± 0.7 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |  |
% of females emerging | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 50.8 | 52.9 | 46.4 | 43.9 |