Table 6 Null model and the top five models for adult abundance

Fixed effect

Coefficient (Std. Error)

Intercept

1.65 (0.27)***

−12.95 (3.53)***

−12.95 (2.69)***

−13.61 (3.70)***

−9.62 (5.50).

−17.08 (3.67)***

Level–1 : Sampling

Daily wind speed (7 previous days mean)

−0.23 (0.14).

−0.31 (0.12)**

−0.27 (0.15).

−0.23 (0.13).

Level–2 : Site

Proportion of broad-leaved forest (r^a = 1500 m)

1.18 (0.44)**

−0.24 (0.13).

Forest edge density (r = 1000 m)

0.02 (0.01).

Forest edge density (r = 1500 m)

0.03 (0.02)*

Area-weighted mean patch fractal dimension (r = 1500 m)

12.94 (3.04)*

13.46 (2.32)***

13.71 (3.10)***

11.76 (4.07).

16.85 (3.03) ***

Euclidean mean nearest-neighbour distance (r = 1500 m)

−0.02 (0.01)***

Random effect

Variance (Std. Error)

Intercept

1.71 (0.12)

0.26 (0.05)

1.07e−07 (2.93e-5)

0.27 (0.05)

0.33 (0.05)

0.47 (0.06)

AIC

881.85

853.93

855.50

855.78

856.05

856.76

ΔAIC

0

27.92

26.35

26.07

25.80

25.09