Figure 1

Haplotype networks of mtDNA ND5 and COI concatenated sequences. Haplotypes are represented as ovals, scaled to reflect frequencies. The most frequent haplotype (n = 1 in An. rivulorum, n = 6 in An. funestus-like, n = 1 in An. parensis excluded from the main An. parensis group and n = 12 in An. funestus subgroup), inferred as ancestral, is represented by a square. Lines connecting haplotypes and small ovals indicate one mutational step. A: An. rivulorum; B: An. funestus-like; C: An. parensis excluded from the main An. parensis group in clade II; D : clade I in An. funestus; E: clade II in An. funestus, An. parensis clade I and An. vaneedeni clades I and II; F: An. funestus-like individuals excluded from the main An. funestus-like group; G: An. vaneedeni individuals excluded from the main An. vaneedeni group. f-I: An. funestus clade I; f-II: An. funestus clade II; fl-I: An. funestus-like clade I; fl-II: An. funestus-like clade II; p-I: An. parensis clade I; p-II: An. parensis clade II; r: An. rivulorum; v-I: An. vaneedeni clade I; v-II: An. vaneedeni clade II. Haplotypes marked in bold are shared between species. Figures in brackets are frequencies for each haplotype.