Figure 2From: Immunoregulation of bovine macrophages by factors in the salivary glands of Rhipicephalus microplusRelative mRNA expression profiles of cytokines exposed to R. microplus salivary gland extracts over 24 hrs. Cultured bovine macrophages were unstimulated or stimulated for 1 hr with 0, 1, 5, or 10 μg/mL SGE followed by 1, 6, or 24 hrs of 1 μg/mL LPS or no LPS. Total RNA was extracted and real-time PCR performed to measure TNFα, IFN-γ, IL-12, and IL-4 message levels. N = 3-4 independent experiments. * P < 0.05 compared to LPS, # P < 0.05 compared to Control or SGE alone.Back to article page