Table 2 The frequency and percent composition of the main characteristics of 121 potential mosquito breeding sites in the village surroundings

The types of breeding site

Algae

river fringe

9

7.4

yes

107

88.4

pond (> 50 m²)

44

36.4

no

14

11.6

Puddle(< 50 m²)

51

42.1

pH

irrigation/drainage ditch

12

9.9

< 8

23

19.0

temporary ground pool

5

4.2

8~9

60

49.6

Perimeter

9~10

37

30.6

< 10 m

15

12.4

> 10

1

0.8

10~100 m

79

65.3

COD

> 100 m

27

22.3

< 1 mg/l

24

19.8

Distance to the nearest house

1~2 mg/l

37

30.6

< 10 m

50

41.3

2~3 mg/l

47

38.8

10~60 m

66

54.5

> 3 mg/l

13

10.8

> 60 m

5

4.2

Ammonia nitrogen

Substrate types

< 0.3 mg/l

37

30.6

muddy

87

71.9

0.3~0.4 mg/l

26

21.5

sandy (gravel with soil)

30

24.8

0.4~0.5 mg/l

33

27.3

cinder

4

3.3

> 0.5 mg/l

25

20.6

Canopy

Sulphate

yes

36

29.8

< 150 mg/l

52

43.0

no

85

70.2

150~200 mg/l

10

8.3

Debris

200~250 mg/l

22

18.2

yes

50

41.3

> 250 mg/l

37

30.5

no

71

58.7

Chloride

The stability of mosquito larval breeding sites

< 15 mg/l

26

21.5

temporary

99

81.8

15~30 mg/l

57

47.1

permanent

22

18.2

30~45 mg/l

35

28.9

Turbidity

> 45 mg/l

3

2.5

≤3.0 (clear)

64

52.9

Chromaticity

> 3.0 (turbid)

57

47.1

< 15

42

34.7

Flow or static

15~30

32

26.4

flow

9

7.4

30~45

32

26.4

static

112

92.6

> 45

15

12.5

Water depth

Emergent plant

< 0.5 m

14

11.6

yes

41

33.9

0.5~1.0 m

71

58.7

no

80

66.1

> 1.0 m

36

29.7

Floating plant

Predator

yes

94

77.7

yes

67

55.4

no

27

22.3

no

54

44.6