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Table 3 Univariate analysis of factors associated with trichuriasis among Orang Asli children in Lipis, Pahang (n = 484)

From: Towards an effective control programme of soil-transmitted helminth infections among Orang Asli in rural Malaysia. Part 1: Prevalence and associated key factors

Variables

Trichuriasis

OR(95% CI)

P value

No. examined

Infected

  

n (%)

  

Age

    

School-age

293

236 (80.5)

3.0 (2.0, 4.5)

<0.001*

Pre-school-age

191

111 (58.1)

1

 

Gender

    

Male

249

176 (70.7)

0.9 (0.6, 1.3)

0.611

Female

235

171 (72.8)

1

 

Father’s educational levels

Non educated (< 6 years)

159

109 (68.6)

0.8 (0.5, 1.2)

0.319

Educated (≥ 6 years)

314

229 (72.9)

1

 

Mother’s educational levels

Non educated (< 6 years)

233

172 (73.8)

1.2 (0.8, 1.8)

0.291

Educated (≥ 6 years)

249

173 (69.5)

1

 

Father’s employment status

Not working

360

250 (69.4)

1.6 (0.9, 2.6)

0.083

Working

113

88 (77.9)

1

 

Mother’s employment status

Not working

463

333 (71.9)

0.7 (0.3, 1.7)

0.406

Working

19

12 (63.2)

1

 

Household monthly income

< RM500

322

234 (72.7)

1.2 (0.8, 1.8)

0.501

≥ RM500

162

113 (69.8)

1

 

Family size

    

≥ 7 members (large)

298

212 (71.1)

0.9 (0.6, 1.4)

0.732

< 7 members

186

135 (72.6)

1

 

Presence of toilet in house

No

218

151 (69.3)

0.8 (0.5, 1.2)

0.283

Yes

266

196 (73.7)

1

 

Presence of domestic animals

Yes

363

262 (72.2)

1.1 (0.7, 1.7)

0.683

No

121

85 (70.2)

1

 

Source of drinking water

Unsafe source (river, rain)

236

190 (80.5)

2.4 (1.6, 3.6)

<0.001*

Safe source (pipe)

248

157 (63.3)

1

 

Washing hands before eating

No

279

204 (73.1)

1.2 (0.8, 1.8)

0.417

Yes

205

143 (69.8)

1

 

Washing hands after defecation

No

191

147 (77.0)

1.6 (1.0, 2.4)

0.038*

Yes

293

200 (68.3)

1

 

Indiscriminate defecation

Yes

323

225 (69.7)

0.7 (0.5, 1.1)

0.159

No

161

122 (75.8)

1

 

Eating soil habit (Geophagy)

Yes

120

93 (77.5)

1.5 (0.9, 0.2)

0.104

No

364

254 (69.8)

1

 

Cutting nails periodically

No

235

166 (70.6)

0.9 (0.6, 1.3)

0.616

Yes

249

181 (72.7)

1

 

Wearing shoes when outside

No

191

149 (78.0)

1.7 (1.1, 2.6)

0.013*

Yes

293

198 (67.6)

1

 

Washing fruits before eating

No

268

191 (71.3)

1.0 (0.6, 1.4)

0.817

Yes

216

156 (72.2)

1

 

Washing vegetables before eating

No

156

113 (72.4)

1.1 (0.7, 1.6)

0.803

Yes

328

234 (71.3)

1

 

Boiling water before drinking

No

151

110 (72.8)

1.1 (0.7, 1.7)

0.704

Yes

160

120 (75.0)

1

 
  1. RM, Malaysian Ringgit; (US$1 = RM3.15). OR, Odds ratio. CI, Confidence interval. * Significant association (P < 0.05).