Table 4 Univariate analysis of factors associated with ascariasis among Orang Asli children in Lipis, Pahang (n = 484)
Variables | Ascariasis | OR (95% CI) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
No. examined | Infected | |||
n (%) | ||||
Age | Â | Â | Â | Â |
School-age | 293 | 126 (43.0) | 1.9 (1.3, 2.8) | 0.002* |
Pre-school-age | 191 | 55 (28.8) | 1 | Â |
Gender | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Male | 249 | 92 (36.9) | 1.0 (0.7, 1.4) | 0.834 |
Female | 235 | 89 (37.9) | 1 | Â |
Father’s educational levels | ||||
Non educated (< 6 years) | 159 | 60 (37.7) | 1.0 (0.7, 1.5) | 0.973 |
Educated (≥ 6 years) | 314 | 119 (37.9) | 1 |  |
Mother’s educational levels | ||||
Non educated (< 6 years) | 233 | 88 (37.8) | 1.0 (0.7, 1.5) | 0.924 |
Educated (≥ 6 years) | 249 | 93 (37.3) | 1 |  |
Father’s employment status | ||||
Not working | 360 | 133 (36.9) | 1.2 (0.8, 1.8) | 0.472 |
Working | 113 | 46 (40.7) | 1 | Â |
Mother’s employment status | ||||
Not working | 463 | 175 (37.8) | 0.8 (0.3, 2.1) | 0.583 |
Working | 19 | 6 (31.6) | 1 | Â |
Household monthly income | ||||
< RM500 | 322 | 121 (37.6) | 1.0 (0.7, 1.5) | 0.908 |
≥ RM500 | 162 | 60 (37.0) | 1 |  |
Family size | Â | Â | Â | Â |
≥ 7 members (large) | 298 | 122 (40.9) | 1.5 (1.0, 2.2) | 0.041* |
< 7 members | 186 | 59 (31.7) | 1 | Â |
Presence of toilet in house | ||||
No | 218 | 97 (44.5) | 1.7 (1.2, 2.5) | 0.003* |
Yes | 266 | 84 (31.6) | 1 | Â |
Presence of domestic animals | ||||
Yes | 363 | 138 (38.0) | 1.1 (0.7, 1.7) | 0.625 |
No | 121 | 43 (35.5) | 1 | Â |
Source of drinking water | ||||
Unsafe source (river, rain) | 236 | 103 (43.6) | 1.7 (1.2, 2.5) | 0.006* |
Safe source (pipe) | 248 | 78 (31.5) | 1 | Â |
Washing hands before eating | ||||
No | 279 | 124 (44.4) | 2.1 (1.4, 3.1) | <0.001* |
Yes | 205 | 57 (27.8) | 1 | Â |
Washing hands after defecation | ||||
No | 191 | 97 (50.8) | 2.6 (1.8, 3.8) | <0.001* |
Yes | 293 | 84 (28.7) | 1 | Â |
Indiscriminate defecation | ||||
Yes | 323 | 127 (39.3) | 1.3 (0.9, 1.9) | 0.216 |
No | 161 | 54 (33.5) | 1 | Â |
Eating soil habit (Geophagy) | ||||
Yes | 120 | 47 (39.2) | 1.1 (0.7, 1.7) | 0.644 |
No | 364 | 134 (36.8) | 1 | Â |
Cutting nails periodically | ||||
No | 235 | 90 (38.3) | 1.1 (0.8, 1.6) | 0.691 |
Yes | 249 | 91 (36.5) | 1 | Â |
Wearing shoes when outside | ||||
No | 191 | 79 (41.4) | 1.3 (0.9, 1.9) | 0.146 |
Yes | 293 | 102 (34.8) | 1 | Â |
Washing fruits before eating | ||||
No | 268 | 102 (38.1) | 1.1 (0.7, 1.5) | 0.737 |
Yes | 216 | 79 (36.6) | 1 | Â |
Washing vegetables before eating | ||||
No | 156 | 67 (42.9) | 1.4 (0.9, 2.1) | 0.082 |
Yes | 328 | 114 (34.8) | 1 | Â |
Boiling water before drinking | ||||
No | 151 | 60 (39.7) | 1.2 (0.8, 1.7) | 0.474 |
Yes | 333 | 121 (36.3) | 1 | Â |