|
Variables
|
No. examined
|
Infected (%)
|
OR (95% CI)
|
p-value
|
|---|
|
Age (years)
| | | | |
|
<15
|
221
|
22.6
|
1.28 (0.83,1.97)
|
0.272
|
|
≥15
|
279
|
18.6
|
1
|
|
Gender
| | | | |
|
Female
|
281
|
21.7
|
1.20 (0.77,1.87)
|
0.411
|
|
Male
|
219
|
18.7
|
1
|
|
Drinking untreated water
| | | | |
|
Yes
|
232
|
29.4
|
2.92 (1.84,4.63)
|
<0.001a,b
|
|
No
|
265
|
12.5
|
1
|
|
Bathing and washing in the river
| | | | |
|
Yes
|
143
|
23.8
|
1.33 (0.83,2.12)
|
0.236
|
|
No
|
357
|
19.0
|
1
|
|
Not washing hands after playing with soil or gardening
| | | | |
|
Yes
|
197
|
25.0
|
1.58 (1.02,2.45)
|
0.040a
|
|
No
|
303
|
17.4
|
1
|
|
Presence of domestic animals
| | | | |
|
Yes
|
309
|
20.1
|
0.96 (0.62,1.49)
|
0.862
|
|
No
|
191
|
20.8
|
1
|
|
Indiscriminate defecation
| | | | |
|
Yes
|
192
|
22.9
|
1.28 (0.82,1.99)
|
0.270
|
|
No
|
308
|
18.8
|
1
|
|
Sewage disposal
| | | | |
|
Outdoor
|
240
|
22.1
|
1.22 (0.79,1.87)
|
0.369
|
|
Common drainage
|
260
|
18.8
|
1
|
|
Eating with hands
| | | | |
|
Yes
|
328
|
20.2
|
0.96 (0.60,1.52)
|
0.859
|
|
No
|
172
|
20.9
|
1
|
|
Consuming raw vegetables
| | | | |
|
Yes
|
238
|
21.1
|
1.08 (0.70,1.68)
|
0.717
|
|
No
|
262
|
19.8
|
1
|
|
Eating fresh fruits
| | | | |
|
Yes
|
395
|
18.4
|
0.63 (0.39,1.01)
|
0.055
|
|
No
|
105
|
26.4
|
1
|
|
Father’s education
| | | | |
|
Non-educated (<6 yrs)
|
222
|
24.3
|
1.47 (0.76,2.83)
|
0.247
|
|
Educated (>6 yrs)
|
78
|
17.9
|
1
|
|
Mother’s education
| | | | |
|
Non-educated (<6 yrs)
|
232
|
25.0
|
1.93 (0.93,4.03)
|
0.075
|
|
Educated (>6 yrs)
|
68
|
14.7
|
1
|
|
Working mothers
| | | | |
|
Yes
|
153
|
23.8
|
1.15 (0.67,1.97)
|
0.625
|
|
No
|
147
|
21.5
|
1
| |
|
Household members
| | | | |
|
≥8
|
171
|
21.6
|
1.12 (0.71,1.77)
|
0.621
|
|
<8
|
329
|
19.8
|
1
|
|
Household monthly income
| | | | |
|
<RM500
|
260
|
23.5
|
1.49 (0.96,2.32)
|
0.077
|
|
>RM500
|
240
|
17.1
|
1
|
|
Other family members infected with Blastocystis
| | | | |
|
Yes
|
116
|
50.9
|
8.21 (5.07,13.30)
|
<0.001a,b
|
|
No
|
384
|
11.2
|
1
|
- RM = Malaysian Ringgit; (US$100 = RM307.85) [1st February 2013].
- Reference group marked as OR = 1 [OR = Odds Ratio].
- CI = Confidence interval.
- a Significant association (p < 0.05).
- b Variables were confirmed by multivariate analysis as significant risk factors.
