Phylogeography of the neotropical Anopheles triannulatus complex (Diptera: Culicidae) supports deep structure and complex patterns

Table 4 Molecular diversity and neutrality test in the main mt-DNA lineages within the Anopheles triannulatus complex

*COI* gene lineage	N	h	π	Hd(SD)	k	Fs	F*	D*	D _T	R ²
A	53	18	0.00275	0.841 (0.035)	1.894	−11.706***	−3.223**	−3.205*	−1.802*	0.162***
B	33	19	0.00776	0.960 (0.018)	5.348	−8.354**	−1.492	−1.29	−1.21	0.160***
C	26	11	0.00457	0.806 (0.071)	3.148	−2.558	0.106	−0.0009	0.305	0.126***
D	43	23	0.00628	0.921 (0.030)	4.328	−11.479***	−1.373	−0.981	−1.483	0.109***
E	109	70	0.0194	0.989 (0.003)	13.383	−41.832***	−1.972	−1.999	−1.173	0.090***
F	48	20	0.00760	0.906 (0.029)	5.238	−6.361*	−2.775*	−2.748*	−1.575	0.109***
G	14	14	0.00636	1 (0.027)	4.385	−11.622***	−1.588	−1.429	−1.265	0.151***
All	326	175	0.0242	0.989 (0.0017)	16.676	−158.48***	−1.924	−2.334*	−0.914	0.075***

A: Panama; B: cis-Andean Venezuela + Colombia + Trinidad-Tobago; C: Venezuela; D: NE and C Brazil + Venezuela; E: Ecuador, Colombia, Bolivia, Argentina, Brazil; F: Colombia; G: SE Brazil; N: sample size; h: number of haplotypes; π: nucleotide diversity; Hd: Haplotype diversity (SD: Standard deviation); k: average number of pairwise differences; F_S: Fu’s F_S statistic; F*: Fu and Li F test; D*:
Fu and Li’s D test; D_T: Tajima’s D; R²: Ramos-Onsins & Rozas R² test. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.02; ***p < 0.001.