Table 3 Epidemiological surveys of co-infection between TB and parasitic diseases
From: Co-infection of tuberculosis and parasitic diseases in humans: a systematic review
Country | Year of report | No. of population screened (a) | No. of people with TB (b) | People with parasitic disease (c) | No. of people co-infected (d) | Prevalence (%) | Survey site | HIV test | No. of reference | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Â | Â | Â | No. | Species | Â | d/a | d/b | d/c | Â | Â | Â |
Korea | 1984 | Â | 329 | Â | Trichocephalus trichiurus | 68 | Â | 20.7 | Â | Hospital1 | Unknown | [30] |
| Â | Â | Â | 215 | Â | Trichocephalus trichiurus | 14 | Â | 6.5 | Â | Hospital2 | Unknown | Â |
| Â | Â | Â | 329 | Â | Clonorchis sinensis | 58 | Â | 17.6 | Â | Hospital1 | Unknown | Â |
| Â | Â | Â | 215 | Â | Clonorchis sinensis | 13 | Â | 6.0 | Â | Hospital2 | Unknown | Â |
Sudan | 2004 | 382 | 100 | 252 | Leishmania donovani | 77 | 20.2 | 77.0 | 30.6 | Community | Unknown | [31] |
Ethiopia | 2006 | 782 | 100 | 234 | Intestinal parasites | 32 | 4.1 | 32.0 | 13.7 | Hospital | Unknown | [32] |
| Â | Â | 782 | 100 | 155 | Helminths | 16 | 2.0 | 16.0 | 10.3 | Hospital | Unknown | Â |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Parasites species | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
| Â | Â | 782 | 100 | 88 | Ascaris lumbricoides | 5 | 0.6 | 5.0 | 5.7 | Hospital | Unknown | Â |
| Â | Â | 782 | 100 | 70 | Giardia lamblia | 15 | 1.9 | 15.0 | 21.4 | Hospital | Unknown | Â |
| Â | Â | 782 | 100 | 50 | Entamoeba histolytica | 10 | 1.3 | 10.0 | 20.0 | Hospital | Unknown | Â |
| Â | Â | 782 | 100 | 36 | Hookworm | 6 | 0.8 | 6.0 | 16.7 | Hospital | Unknown | Â |
| Â | Â | 782 | 100 | 25 | Taenia species | 2 | 0.3 | 2.0 | 8.0 | Hospital | Unknown | Â |
| Â | Â | 782 | 100 | 13 | Strongyloides stercoralis | 5 | 0.6 | 5.0 | 38.5 | Hospital | Unknown | Â |
| Â | Â | 782 | 100 | 8 | Trichuris trichiura | 1 | 0.1 | 1.0 | 12.5 | Hospital | Unknown | Â |
Tanzania | 2007 | Â | 309 | Â | Malaria | 19 | Â | 6.1 | Â | Hospital | HIV positive | [33] |
| Â | Â | Â | 309 | Â | Schistosomiasis | 100 | Â | 32.4 | Â | Hospital | HIV positive | Â |
| Â | Â | Â | 309 | Â | Hookworm | 33 | Â | 10.7 | Â | Hospital | HIV positive | Â |
| Â | Â | Â | 346 | Â | Malaria | 9 | Â | 2.6 | Â | Hospital | HIV negative | Â |
| Â | Â | Â | 346 | Â | Schistosomiasis | 132 | Â | 38.2 | Â | Hospital | HIV negative | Â |
| Â | Â | Â | 346 | Â | Hookworm | 86 | Â | 24.9 | Â | Hospital | HIV negative | Â |
Ethiopia | 2012 | Â | 112 | Â | Intestinal helminths | 32 | Â | 28.6 | Â | Community | 47% (53/112) of PTB patients were HIV positive | [34] |
| Â | Â | Â | 112 | Â | Ascaris lumbricoides | 12 | Â | 10.7 | Â | Community | Â | |
| Â | Â | Â | 112 | Â | Hookworm | 8 | Â | 7.1 | Â | Community | Â | |
| Â | Â | Â | 112 | Â | Schistosoma mansoni | 6 | Â | 5.4 | Â | Community | Â | |
| Â | Â | Â | 112 | Â | Trichuris trichiura | 8 | Â | 7.1 | Â | Community | Â | |
| Â | Â | Â | 112 | Â | Strongyloides stercoralis | 3 | Â | 2.7 | Â | Community | Â | |