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Table 1 Summary of environmental covariates used and species for which these covariates were correlated in the previous binomial analysis

From: Spatio-temporal analysis of abundances of three malaria vector species in southern Benin using zero-truncated models

Environmental covariates *

Sources

Area of measurement ††

Species for which the covariate has a significant effect in the binomial models[13]

Vector control interventions (TLLIN, ULLIN, ULLIN + CTPS, or TLLIN + IRS)†

[2]

Village perimeter

An. funestus, An. coluzzii, and An. gambiae s.s.

Number of domestic breeding sites positives for Anopheles larvae per 100 houses

Systematic inventory [13]

Village perimeter (t)

An. coluzzii and An. gambiae s.s.

Mean nocturnal temperatures‡

8-days Land Surface Temperature (LST) from the MODIS satellite [13]

2-km buffer (t)

An. funestus, An. coluzzii, and An. gambiae s.s.

Mean diurnal temperature‡

8-days LST from the MODIS satellite [13]

2-km buffer (t)

An. funestus and An. coluzzii

Mean Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)§

16-days NDVI from the MODIS satellite [13]

2-km buffer (t)

An. funestus, An. coluzzii, and An. gambiae s.s.

Cumulated rainfall

Daily TRMM (3B42) satellite data [13]

2-km buffer (t)

An. funestus, An. coluzzii, and An. gambiae s.s.

Number of rainy days

Daily TRMM satellite data [13]

2-km buffer (t)

An. coluzzii

Mean elevation

SPOT Digital Elevation Model (DEM) [13]

2-km buffer

An. gambiae s.s.

Mean slope

SPOT satellite DEM [13]

2-km buffer

An. gambiae s.s.

Count of sink

SPOT DEM [13]

2-km buffer

-

Theoretical flow accumulation

SPOT DEM [13]

2-km buffer

-

Area of hydromorphic soils

Soil map [13]

2-km buffer

An. funestus and An. coluzzii

Area of each land-cover class**

Land-cover map [13] and systematic inventory

2-km buffer

An. funestus and An. coluzzii

Edge densities of each land-cover class**

Land-cover map [13] and systematic inventory

2-km buffer

-

Number of patches of each land-cover class**

Land-cover map [13] and systematic inventory

2-km buffer

An. coluzzii and An. gambiae s.s.

Patch richness density of land-cover

Land-cover map [13] and systematic inventory

2-km buffer

-

Simpson’s diversity index of land-cover

Land-cover map [13] and systematic inventory

2-km buffer

-

Modified Simpson’s evenness index of land-cover

Land-cover map [13] and systematic inventory

2-km buffer

-

Length of roads

SPOT satellite image [13]

2-km buffer

An. gambiae s.s.

Number of neighbourhoods

SPOT image [13]

Village perimeter

An. funestus and An. coluzzii

Population density

Systematic inventory [2]

Village perimeter

-

Distance to the village perimeter

Houses of collection GPS coordinates

Village perimeter

-

Normalized Spin index of the village shape

SPOT image [13]

Village perimeter

-

Normalized Depth index of the village shape

SPOT image [13]

Village perimeter

-

Number of cattle

Systematic inventory [13]

2-km buffer

An. gambiae s.s.

  1. *Definitions of the environmental variables, sources and methods used to produce them have been fully described in Moiroux et al.[13].
  2. †TLLIN: Targeted distribution of Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets (to children under 6 and pregnant women; class of reference), ULLIN: Universal distribution of LLIN, CTPS: Carbamate Treated Plastic Sheeting, IRS: carbamate Indoor Residual Spraying.
  3. ‡Mean temperature measured during the week of the catch and both weeks preceding the week of the catch. §average 16-day NDVI during the two-week period including the catch and the preceding 2-week period.
  4. During the 16 days preceding the catch.
  5. **Calculated for each of the 15 land-cover classes (surface freshwater, aquatic grassland , herb swamp, coco tree, eucalyptus tree, palm tree, teak tree, pineapple, rain fed agriculture, forest, degraded riparian forest, thicket, savannah, market gardening, and degraded surface) and for each of the four strata classes (unvegetated, herbaceous, shrub, and tree).
  6. ††(t): the covariate has a temporal dimension; 2-km buffer: 2-km radius buffer area around the village centre.
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Parasites & Vectors

ISSN: 1756-3305

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