Figure 3From: An experimental test of the effects of behavioral and immunological defenses against vectors: do they interact to protect birds from blood parasites?Timeline of the experimental design. Flies were added to pigeon backpacks in immune priming treatments at t0. Two weeks later (t1) flies and backpacks were all removed and populations of Haemoproteus infected flies were added to all birds. Flies were removed after 5Â weeks at the end of the experiment (t2).Back to article page