From: Increase in number of helminth species from Dutch red foxes over a 35-year period
 | Zoonotic | Netherlands | Netherlands | Fisher Exact |
---|---|---|---|---|
 | Species | Borgsteede(1984) | This study | P(2-sided) |
 |  | (n = 137) | (n = 136) |  |
Intestinal nematodes | Â | % | % | Â |
Toxocara canis | Yes | 73.7 | 61.0 | 0.028 |
Toxascaris leonina | No | 0 | 2.2 | 0.122 |
Trichuris sp. | No | 0 | 16.9 | <0.0001 |
Uncinaria stenocephala | Yes | 59.9 | 54.4 | 0.393 |
Strongyloides sp. | Yes1 | 0.7 | 14.7 | <0.0001 |
other nematodes | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Eucoleus aerophilus | No | 46.8 | 67.7 | 0.285 |
Pearsonema plica | No | 23.5 | (4/4)2 | - |
Capillaria spp. | Â | Â | 50.0 | - |
Angiostrongylus vasorum adults/larvae | No | (0)3 | 4.2 | 0.028 |
Crenosoma vulpis adults/larvae | No | 4.5 | 16.7 | 0.008 |
Cestodes | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Taenia spp.4 | Yes5 | 53.3 | 22.1 | <0.0001 |
Mesocestoides sp. | No | 0 | 5.9 | 0.003 |
Echinococcus multilocularis | Yes | 0 | 0.7 | 0.498 |
Trematodes | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Cryptocotyle lingua | No | 3.6 | 3.7 | 1 |
Eupariphium melis | No | 1.5 | 0.7 | 1 |
Alaria alata | No | 10.9 | 16.9 | 0.166 |
Opistorchis felineus | Yes | 0 | 0 | - |
Apophallus donicus | No | 0.7 | 0 | 0.498 |
noninfected (over-all) | Â | 2.9 | 2.9 | Â |