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Table 2 Parasite prevalence in red fox compared to 35 years ago

From: Increase in number of helminth species from Dutch red foxes over a 35-year period

 

Zoonotic

Netherlands

Netherlands

Fisher Exact

 

Species

Borgsteede(1984)

This study

P(2-sided)

  

(n = 137)

(n = 136)

 

Intestinal nematodes

 

%

%

 

Toxocara canis

Yes

73.7

61.0

0.028

Toxascaris leonina

No

0

2.2

0.122

Trichuris sp.

No

0

16.9

<0.0001

Uncinaria stenocephala

Yes

59.9

54.4

0.393

Strongyloides sp.

Yes1

0.7

14.7

<0.0001

other nematodes

    

Eucoleus aerophilus

No

46.8

67.7

0.285

Pearsonema plica

No

23.5

(4/4)2

-

Capillaria spp.

  

50.0

-

Angiostrongylus vasorum adults/larvae

No

(0)3

4.2

0.028

Crenosoma vulpis adults/larvae

No

4.5

16.7

0.008

Cestodes

    

Taenia spp.4

Yes5

53.3

22.1

<0.0001

Mesocestoides sp.

No

0

5.9

0.003

Echinococcus multilocularis

Yes

0

0.7

0.498

Trematodes

    

Cryptocotyle lingua

No

3.6

3.7

1

Eupariphium melis

No

1.5

0.7

1

Alaria alata

No

10.9

16.9

0.166

Opistorchis felineus

Yes

0

0

-

Apophallus donicus

No

0.7

0

0.498

noninfected (over-all)

 

2.9

2.9

 
  1. Differences between this study and the Borgsteede study [4] are indicated (Fisher’s exact test). 1Strongyloides species are non-zoonotic, whereas S. stercoralis is infectious to humans and is a species of warm geographical zones, although found in a dog kennel in Finland [55]. 2This species was present in four analysed urinary bladders, therefore prevalence difference was not analysed. 3The first documented cases of autochthonous French heartworm were seen in 2009. 4Data on Taenia species were combined to facilitate comparison with other studies. 5In our study, T. crassiceps and T. polyacantha were found, the former of which is zoonotic.