Figure 4

Least-squares geometric mean differences in cuticle thickness standardized for weight. Shown are least-squares means, symbolized by shapes and colors for condition and species, respectively: benign, circles; arid, triangles; gambiae, blue; coluzzii, red. Horizontal lines represent the 95% confidence interval. Statistical significance of the difference in cuticle thickness between alternative karyotypes for each species and condition was determined based on t-statistics (see Methods).