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Table 4 Comparison of the differences of collected ticks and positive rates of pathogens among ticks life stage, host species and terrain types

From: Tick-borne pathogens and associated co-infections in ticks collected from domestic animals in central China

Groups

Sampled ticks

Positive ticks

χ 2

DF

RR (95% CI)

P

  

N

n

%

    

Life stage

Larvae

2

0

0.00

0.12

1

-

0.7324

Nymphs

18

1

5.56

-

Larvae

2

0

0.00

0.20

1

-

0.6561

Adult

288

26

9.03

-

Nymphs

18

1

5.56

0.25

1

1.00

0.6144

Adult

288

26

9.03

1.62 (0.23-11.30)

Terrain feature

Hilly

148

3

2.03

24.12

1

1.00

0.0000

Mountainous

107

22

20.56

10.14 (3.12-33.02)

Hilly

148

3

2.03

0.49

1

1.00

0.4836

Plain

53

2

3.77

1.86 (0.32-10.84)

Plain

53

2

3.77

7.83

1

1.00

0.0051

Mountainous

107

22

20.56

5.45 (1.33-22.31)

Hosts

Dogs

144

6

4.17

2.85

1

1.00

0.0911

Sheep

130

12

9.23

2.22 (0.86-5.73)

Dogs

144

6

4.17

17.73

1

1.00

0.0000

Cattle

34

9

26.47

6.35 (2.42-16.64)

Sheep

130

12

9.23

7.17

1

1.00

0.0074

 

Cattle

34

9

26.47

  

2.87 (1.32-6.24)

 
  1. DF = degrees of freedom; RR = risk ratio; CI = confidence interval.