Ticks infesting humans in Italy and associated pathogens

Parasites & Vectors

Table 1 Molecular detection of tick-borne pathogens: PCR methods, target genes, primers, nucleotide sequences, amplicon size (base pairs)

Species	PCR method	Target gene	Primer	Nucleotide sequence (5′-3′)	Amplicon size (bp)	Reference
*Anaplasma phagocytophilum*	duplex RT-PCR	msp2	ApMSP2f	ATGGAAGGTAGTGTTGGTTATGGTATT	77	[16]
			ApMSP2r	TTGGTCTTGAAGCGCTCGTA
			ApMSP2p	TGGTGCCAGGGTTGAGCTTGAGATTG
	PCR	msp2	msp2-3f	CCAGCGTTTAGCAAGATAAGAG	334	[17]
			msp2-3r	GMCCAGTAACAACATCATAAGC
*Babesia/Theileria* spp.	RT-PCR Sybr green	18S rRNA	NM-1152as	TTCTACTTTGAACATTTGAAGAATTACTAT	411- 452	[18]
			BJ1	GTCTTGTAATTGGAATGATGG
			BN2	TAGTTTATGGTTAGGACTACG
*Borrelia burgdorferi* sensu lato	duplex RT-PCR	23S rRNA	Bb23Sf	CGAGTCTTAAAAGGGCGATTTAGT	75	[16]
			Bb23Sr	GCTTCAGCCTGGCCATAAATAG
			Bb23Sp	AGATGTGGTAGACCCGAAGCCGAGTG
	PCR	Flagellin	FLA1	AGAGCAACTTACAGACGAAATTAAT	482	[19]
			FLA2	CAAGTCTATTTTGGAAAGCACCTAA
*Candidatus* Neoehrlichia mikurensis	TaqMan RT-PCR	groEL	NMikGroEL F2a	CCTTGAAAATATAGCAAGATCAGGTAG	101	[20]
			NMikGroEL R2b	CCACCACGTAACTTATTTAGCACTAAAG
			NMikGroEL P2a	CCTCTACTAATTATTGCTGAAGATGTAGA
			NMikGroEL P2a	AGGTGAAGC
	PCR	groEL	NM-128 s	AACAGGTGAAACACTAGATAAGTCCAT	1024	[21]
*Rickettsia* spp.	TaqMan RT-PCR	gltA	CS5	GAGAGAAAATTATATCCAAATGTTGAT	146	[22]
			CS6	CATTGTGCCATCCAGCCTACGGT
			Probe CS5-6	CATTGTGCCATCCAGCCTACGGT
	PCR	gltA	RpCS.877p	GGGGGCCTGCTCACGGCGG	381	[23]
			RpCS1258n	ATTGCAAAAAGTACAGTGAACA
	PCR	ompA	Rr190.70p	ATGGCGAATATTTCTCCAAAA	532	[24]
			Rr190.602n	AGTGCAGCATTCGCTCCCCCT
	PCR	ompB	rompB OFm	GTAACCGGAARTAATCGTTTCGT	489	[25] (modified)
			rompB ORm	GCTTTATAACCAGCTAAACCRCC

ISSN: 1756-3305