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Table 3 Parameter estimates from the geo-statistical models of malaria prevalence in children under five years of age in Burkina Faso (2010)

From: Multilevel and geo-statistical modeling of malaria risk in children of Burkina Faso

Variables

Model A

Model B

OR* (95% CrI†)

OR* (95% CrI†)

Individual level factor

  

Age (6–12 months)

Reference

 

 13-23 months

1.10 (0.89-1.36)

 

 24-35 months

1.41 (1.14-1.74)

 

 36-47 months

1.70 (1.37-2.10)

 

 48-59 months

1.79 (1.44-2.22)

 

Household level factors

  

Mother’s Education Level§ (No schooling)

Reference

 

 Primary

0.75 (0.62-0.92)

 

 Secondary or higher

0.58 (0.42-0.78)

 

Household wealth index (Richest)

Referent

 

 Richer

1.77 (1.40-2.24)

 

 Middle

2.24 (1.73-2.90)

 

 Poorer

2.10 (1.61-2.73)

 

 Poorest

2.76 (2.09-3.64)

 

Rate of attendance to health facilities (>2)

Reference

 

 1-2 visits per year

1.36 (1.01-1.83)

 

 < 1 visit per year

2.21 (1.56-3.13)

 

Climatic/Environmental factors

  

NDVI (<0.3)

Reference

Reference

 0.3 - 0.5

1.23 (1.00-1.53)

1.28 (1.03-1.60)

 ≥0.5

1.66 (1.27-2.17)

1.87 (1.42-2.46)

Average monthly rainfall (<50 mm)

Reference

Reference

 50 - 100 mm

0.69 (0.45-1.05)

0.55 (0.36-0.84)

 ≥100 mm

0.44 (0.26-0.76)

0.33 (0.19-0.58)

Rainfall 60 days prior to survey (<100 mm)

1.75 (1.18-2.58)

1.97 (1.33-2.91)

Maximum temperature (<38.5°C)

Reference

Reference

 38.5 - 39.5°C

0.74 (0.56-0.98)

0.73 (0.54-0.97)

 ≥39.5°C

0.66 (0.47-0.93)

0.73 (0.51-1.01)

Population density: 100/km2, truncated at 500/km2

1.25 (0.82-1.90)

1.10 (0.72-1.71)

 Population density: squared term

0.93 (0.86-1.01)

0.94 (0.87-1.02)

 

Mean (95% CrI†)

Mean (95% CrI†)

Spatial variance

0.48 (0.28-0.83)

0.63 (0.40-1.03)

Range of the spatial effect (km)

8.8 (4.9-15.8)

8.9 (5.2-14.6)

  1. Statistically significant results are in bold.
  2. *OR: Odds Ratio using the category between brackets as reference.
  3. †CrI: Credible Intervals.
  4. §210 observations were missing mother’s education information and these were removed from model A.
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