Figure 5

Effects of 14 CA inhibitors on α- and β-CAs of parasites and insects. Some compounds inhibit members of both α- and β- CA enzyme families. The brown box shows physiological processes where bicarbonate plays a role as a biochemical substrate. The ultimate goal of future research should be the creation of inhibitors specific to both enzyme families and to each isozyme. Ideally, the specific inhibitors would cause tissue- and organ-specific effects in parasites and vectors with minimal off-target effects on other species. Number 1 shows the catalytic pathway of α- and β-CA and number 2 shows the inhibitory effects of α- and β-CA inhibitors.