Table 5 Clinical toxoplasmosis in congenitally-infected children in Colombia
From: An overview of seventy years of research (1944 – 2014) on toxoplasmosis in Colombia, South America
Reference | Location | Type of sample | No. tested | Infected (%) | Sex (%) | Deaths (%) | Neurological symptoms and signs (%) | Ocular symptoms and signs (%) | Hepato-splenomegaly (%) | Prematurity (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1981[30] | Cali | Referred cases (1955–1975), confirmed by necropsy (21 cases) or with serological studies | 44 | NA | Male 25 (56.8) | 21 (47.7) | Microcephaly and cerebral calcifications: 30 (68.1) | 25 (56.8) | 27 (62.5) | 8/16 (50.0) |
1983[50] | Medellin | Referred cases confirmed by IFAT test | 27 | NA | Male 17 (63.0) | NR | Microcephaly: 20 (74.0) Neurological psicomotor deficit: 22 (81.5) Electroencephalogram changes: 8/14 (57.0) | Strabismus: 9 (33.0) Cataract: 1 (3.7) Chorioretinitis 11(40.7) | 8 (29.0) | 5 (18.5) |
1997[21] | Quindío | Children prenatal screening | 15 | 1/15 (6.7) | Female | NR | NR | Chorioretinitis (6.7) | NR | NR |
2000[51] | Bogota Armenia | Referred cases confirmed by IFAT and ISAGA test | 27 | NA | NR | 1 (3.7) | Calcification, hydrocephaly or microcephaly: 12 (44.4) | Chorioretinitis 11 (40.7) | 16 (59.0) | 5 (18.5) |
2005[52] | Armenia | Children prenatal or newborn screening | 26 (17 by screening and 11 symptomatic) | NA | NR | 2 screened <6 mo. of age (11.7%) 1 of 11 symptomatic (9%). | 17 screened 4 of 11 symptomatic (36%) | 13 screened 4 symptomatic (30%) | 26 screened 7 symptomatic (26.9%) | NR |
2006[53] | Quindío | Newborn screening in referral hospital | 200 | 1/200 (0.5) | Female | 1 (Respiratory distress syndrome) | NR | NR | NR | NR |
2007[54] | Quindío | Newborn screening in community hospitals | 322 | 2/322 (0.5) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
2011[10] | Armenia Barranquilla Riohacha Cucuta Bogota BucaramangaFlorencia | National multicentric newborn screening | 15,333 | 218 (1.4) by criteria for confirmation assays (109; 50% by confirmatory assays; 15 (13.7%) by congenital infection and 3/15 newborns with prenatal treatment | NR | 3/15 (20.0) | 4/15 (26.6) calcifications; 1/15 (6.6) hydrocephaly | 3/15 (20.0) chorioretinitis | 1/15 (6.6) splenomegaly | 1/15 (6.6) |