Table 1 Ethno-geographical foci of Taenia asiatica transmission
From: Epidemiology and genetic diversity of Taenia asiatica: a systematic review
Country | Region | People | Food habits | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Taiwan | Mountainous areas of northern and eastern Taiwan | Bunun, Atayal | Habit of eating viscera, especially liver and blood, of fresh-killed animals, including wild boar, but excluding cattle | Fan 1988 [1]; Chung et al. 1990 [39]; Fan et al. 1990 [49]; Fan et al. 1992a [40]; Ooi et al. 2013 [2] |
Taiwan | Orchid island, Lanyu Township, Taitung County, southeastern Taiwan | Tao (originally known as Yami) | Habit of eating viscera, especially liver and blood, of fresh-killed animals, including wild boar, but excluding cattle | Fan et al. 1992b [50]; Eom et al. 2009 [51]; Ooi et al. 2013 [2] |
Indonesia | Ambarita village, Samosir Island, northern Sumatra | Batak (Christian) | “Sang-sang”: traditional dish with minced pork, viscera and blood; during preparation, uncooked meat and viscera are sometimes eaten | Fan et al. 1989 [7]; Fan et al. 1992c [52]; Suroso et al. 2006 [53]; Wandra et al. 2006 [54] |
South Korea | Jeju Island (Jeju-do) and mainland South Korea | Not minority people as seen in other countries | Habit of eating liver and other viscera of pigs at “Churyum”, a common rural practice of slaughtering pigs at home during weddings, funerals and other special occasions | Fan et al. 1992b [50]; Eom et al. 1992 [11]; Eom & Rim 2001 [55]; Galan-Puchades & Fuentes 2001 [56] |
China | Luzhai County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, southern China | Zhuang | Habit of eating raw pork and pig liver, unseasoned or mixed with sour sauce and salted garlic; consumption of raw beef is uncommon | |
China | Yajiang (Nyagqu) County, Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province | Kham Tibetans | Habit of eating raw pork and beef | |
Thailand | Thong Pha Phum District, Kanchanaburi Province, west-central Thailand, Thai-Myanmar border | Karen | Habit of eating raw or under cooked beef, pork, or pig viscera and fresh blood | Anantaphruti et al. 2007 [60]; Anantaphruti et al. 2010 [61]; Anantaphruti 2013 [62] |
Japan | Kanto region, central Honshu | Not minority people as seen in other countries | Serving of pig liver “sashimi” (raw slices) at “yakitori” or “yakiniku” restaurants | Eom et al. 2009 [51]; Michelet & Dauga 2012 [63]; Yamasaki 2013 [64] |
Nepal | Morang & Sunsari district, southeastern Nepal | Dum | Frequent pork consumption; habit of eating undercooked meat and viscera of home raised Hurra piglets during certain religious and social festivities | Devleesschauwer et al. 2012 [65] |