Table 3 Molecular methods used for detecting kdr mutations

Allele-Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (AS-PCR)

PCR thermocycler, electrophoresis and imaging equipments

L1014F/S/C

[53, 60]

Heated Oligonucleotide Ligation Assay (HOLA)

PCR thermocycler, ELISA plate reader

L1014F/S

[168]

Sequence-Specific Oligonucleotide Probe – Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (SSOP-ELISA)

PCR thermocycler, shaking incubator and ELISA plate reader

L1014F/S

[138]

PCR Sequence Specific Oligonucleotide Probe Assay (PCR-Dot Blot)

PCR thermocycler, shaking incubator and nylon membrane

L1014F/S

[169]

Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET)/Melt Curve Analysis (MCA)

Real-Time PCR thermocycler

L1014F/S

[125]

PCR Elongation with Fluorescence

PCR thermocycler and electrophoresis equipments

L1014F/S

[170]

High Resolution Melt (HRM)

Real-Time PCR thermocycler

L1014F/S

[171]

Allele-Specific Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (AS-LAMP)

Turbidimeter and water bath

L1014F

[172]

Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism assay (PCR-RFLP)

PCR thermocycler

L1014F/C

[141]

Primer Introduced Restriction Analysis-PCR assay (PIRA-PCR)

PCR thermocycler, electrophoresis and imaging equipments

L1014F/S

[173]

Multiplex Primer Introduced Restriction Analysis-PCR assay (mPIRA-PCR)

PCR thermocycler and electrophoresis equipments

L1014F/S

[174]

Amplification Refractory Mutation System (ARMS)

PCR thermocycler, electrophoresis and imaging equipments

L1014F

[151]