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Table 3 Schistosoma haematobium infection among children at baseline and follow-up surveys in Mwaluphamba Location, Mutuga District, Kwale County

From: Once a year school-based deworming with praziquantel and albendazole combination may not be adequate for control of urogenital schistosomiasis and hookworm infection in Matuga District, Kwale County, Kenya

S. haematobium infection

Sep

Oct

Mar

Jun

P-value

2009 (Baseline)

2010

2011

2012

No. positive

505 (49.4%)

45 (4.2%)

57 (5.9%)

72 (17.7%)

<0.0001

Intensity of S. haematobium infection

Light infection, n (%)

279 (55.2%)

34 (75.6%)

40 (70.2%)

50 (69.4%)

0.081

Heavy infection, n (%)

226 (44.8%)

11 (24.4%)

17 (29.8%)

22 (30.6%)

AM egg count (95% CI)

161.6(137.4-185.8)

94.9(29.9-159.9)

79.9 (39.5-120.3)

167.8 (22.6-313.0)

N/A

GM egg count (95% CI)

37.7 (31.8-44.5)

12.1(6.4-22.7)

17.6 (10.7-29.1)

16.8 (10.0-28.0)

<0.0001

Co-infection of S. haematobium with other helminths

Any STH

132 (26.1%)

14 (31.1%)

16 (28.1%)

7 (9.7%)

 

Hookworm

114 (22.6)

14 (31.1%)

16 (28.1%)

7 (9.7%)

 

A. lumbricoides

12 (2.4%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

1 (1.4%)

 

T. trichiura

10 (1.9%)

0 (0.0%)

1 (1.8%)

1 (1.4%)

 
  1. AM: arithmetic mean; GM: geometric mean; CI: confidence interval.
  2. Light infection: 1–49 eggs/ml; Heavy infection: ≥ 50 eggs/ml.
  3. AM and GM were calculated for infected individuals only.