Table 1 Socio demographic characteristics of participants in case–control study in the visceral leshmaniasis endemic foci of the Adebay and Hagereselam, North -West Ethiopia
From: Risk factors of visceral leishmaniasis: a case control study in north-western Ethiopia
| Characteristics | Cases no. (%) | Control no. (%) | Total | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | 0.810 | |||
| Male | 77(85.6%) | 163(84.5%) | 240(84.8%) | |
| Female | 13(14.4%) | 30(15.5%) | 43(15.2%) | |
| Age in years | 0.975 | |||
| <5 | 3(3.3%) | 6(3.1%) | 9(3.2%) | |
| 5-14 | 24(26.7%) | 49(25.4%) | 73(25.8%) | |
| 15-39 | 56(62.2%) | 120(62.2%) | 176(62.2%) | |
| > = 40 | 7(7.8%) | 18(9.3%) | 25(8.8%) | |
| Relation to household head | 0.973 | |||
| Head | 22(24.4%) | 55(28.5%) | 77(27.2%) | |
| Spouse | 5(5.6%) | 13(6.7%) | 18(6.4% | |
| Female child | 7(7.8%) | 15(7.8%) | 22(7.8%) | |
| Male child | 45(50.0%) | 88(45.6%) | 133(47.0%) | |
| Distantly related | 6(6.7%) | 13(6.7%) | 19(6.7%) | |
| Others (dependent, servant) | 5(5.6%) | 9(4.7%) | 14(4.9%) | |
| Current marital status | 0.334 | |||
| Single | 61(67.8%) | 129(67.2%) | 190(67.4%) | |
| Married | 28(31.1%) | 63(32.8%) | 91(32.3%) | |
| Divorced | 1(1.1%) | 0(.0%) | 1(.4%) | |
| Family size | 0.025 | |||
| 1-2 | 9(10.0%) | 36(18.7%) | 45(15.9%) | |
| 3-5 | 29(32.2%) | 76(39.4%) | 105(37.1%) | |
| 6-8 | 39(43.3%) | 69(35.8%) | 108(38.2%) | |
| > = 9 | 13(14.4%) | 12(6.2%) | 25(8.8%) | |
| Ethnic group | 0.026 | |||
| Tigre | 83(92.2%) | 188(97.4%) | 271(95.8%) | |
| Amhara | 4(4.4%) | 5(2.6%) | 9(3.2%) | |
| Others | 3(3.3%) | 0(.0%) | 3(1.1%) | |
| Major occupation currently do earn money | 0.045 | |||
| Employed | 0(0%) | 1(.5%) | 1(.4%) | |
| Business man/women | 3(3.4%) | 6(3.1%) | 9(3.2%) | |
| Farmer | 25(28.1%) | 56(29.3%) | 81(28.9%) | |
| Housewife | 8(9.0%) | 13(6.8%) | 21(7.5%) | |
| Daily labourer | 15(16.9%) | 29(15.2%) | 44(15.7%) | |
| Student | 27(30.3%) | 73(38.2%) | 100(35.7%) | |
| Have no Job | 1(1.1%) | 9(4.7%) | 10(3.6%) | |
| Others (keeping Animal) | 10(11.2%) | 4(2.1%) | 14(5.0%) | |
| Able to read and write in any language (Yes) | 60(66.7%) | 144(74.6%) | 204(72.1%) | 0.165 |
| School grade completed | 0.001 | |||
| Grade <5 | 60(66.7%) | 89(46.1%) | 149(52.7%) | |
| Grade > =5 | 30(33.3%) | 104(53.9%) | 134(47.3%) | |
| Permanent residence | 0.676 | |||
| Rural | 17(18.9%) | 30(15.5%) | 47(16.6%) | |
| Semi-urban | 72(80.0%) | 157(81.3%) | 229(80.9%) | |
| Urban | 1(1.1%) | 5(2.6%) | 6(2.1%) | |
| Study area (villages) | 0.888 | |||
| Adebay | 69(76.7%) | 152(78.8%) | 222(78.1%) | |
| Hagereselam/Endris | 10(11.1%) | 18(9.3%) | 28(9.9%) | |
| Migrant workers | 11(12.2%) | 23(11.9%) | 34(12.0%) | |
| Own farm land (Yes) | 66(73.3%0 | 140(72.5%) | 206(72.8%) | 0.889 |
| Months sleep in the farm field | 0.000 | |||
| June-November | 55(77.5%) | 104(95.4%) | 159(88.3%) | |
| December-May | 0(.0%) | 5(4.6%) | 5(2.8%) | |
| Throughout the year | 16(22.5%) | 0(.0%) | 16(8.9%) |