Table 5 Distribution of S. haematobium egg positive rates according to water-contact patterns among 200 answered-school children in White Nile State, Sudan
Variables | No. (%) | No. of negative (%) (n = 82) | No. of positive (%) (n = 118) | OR | 95%CI | P-value by logistic regression | Intensity of positive cases | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± S.D. (log EP10) | P-value | ||||||||
Contact for any reason | 0.609 | ||||||||
Daily | 149 (74.5) | 51 (34.2) | 98 (65.8) | 3.42 | 1.41-8.27 | 0.006 | 1.099 ± 0.781 | ||
Weekly | 26 (13.0) | 15 (57.7) | 11 (42.3) | 1.30 | 0.42-4.03 | 0.645 | 1.320 ± 0.769 | ||
> Weekly | 25 (12.5) | 16 (64.0) | 9 (36.0) | 1 | 0.995 ± 0.871 | ||||
Collecting water | 0.982 | ||||||||
Daily | 147 (73.5) | 53 (36.1) | 94 (63.9) | 1.89 | 0.87-4.13 | 0.109 | 1.118 ± 0.791 | ||
Weekly | 22 (11.0) | 13 (59.1) | 9 (40.9) | 0.74 | 0.25-2.23 | 0.590 | 1.076 ± 0.833 | ||
> Weekly | 31 (15.5) | 16 (51.6) | 15 (48.4) | 1 | 1.090 ± 0.757 | ||||
Taking baths | 0.701 | ||||||||
Daily | 137 (68.5) | 46 (33.6) | 91 (66.4) | 4.26 | 2.02-9.00 | 0.000 | 1.132 ± 0.783 | ||
Weekly | 22 (11.0) | 8 (36.4) | 14 (63.6) | 3.77 | 1.27-11.21 | 0.017 | 0.945 ± 0.696 | ||
> Weekly | 41 (20.5) | 28 (68.3) | 13 (31.7) | 1 | 1.143 ± 0.907 | ||||
Swimming | 0.658 | ||||||||
Daily | 132 (66.0) | 43 (32.6) | 89 (67.4) | 4.01 | 1.98-8.11 | 0.000 | 1.149 ± 0.784 | ||
Weekly | 21 (10.5) | 8 (38.1) | 13 (61.9) | 3.15 | 1.08-9.16 | 0.035 | 0.981 ± 0.710 | ||
> Weekly | 47 (23.5) | 31 (66.0) | 16 (34.0) | 1 | 1.008 ± 0.863 | ||||
Washing clothes | 0.643 | ||||||||
Daily | 124 (62.0) | 41 (33.1) | 83 (66.9) | 1.94 | 0.97-3.88 | 0.062 | 1.154 ± 0.774 | ||
Weekly | 31 (15.5) | 19 (61.3) | 12 (38.7) | 0.60 | 0.24-1.53 | 0.288 | 0.966 ± 0.939 | ||
> Weekly | 45 (22.5) | 22 (48.9) | 23 (51.1) | 1 | 1.032 ± 0.753 | ||||
Wading the stream | 0.307 | ||||||||
Daily | 82 (41.0) | 22 (26.8) | 60 (73.2) | 2.86 | 1.50-5.45 | 0.001 | 1.194 ± 0.825 | ||
Weekly | 32 (16.0) | 16 (50.0) | 16 (50.0) | 1.05 | 0.46-2.36 | 0.911 | 1.194 ± 0.756 | ||
> Weekly | 86 (43.0) | 44 (51.2) | 42 (48.8) | 1 | 0.962 ± 0.727 | ||||
Farming | 0.533 | ||||||||
Daily | 35 (17.5) | 11 (31.4) | 24 (68.6) | 1.71 | 0.76-3.81 | 0.193 | 0.957 ± 0.786 | ||
Weekly | 51 (25.5) | 21 (41.2) | 30 (58.8) | 1.12 | 0.57-2.18 | 0.748 | 1.189 ± 0.786 | ||
> Weekly | 114 (57.0) | 50 (43.9) | 64 (56.1) | 1 | 1.133 ± 0.786 | ||||
Washing the vegetables | 0.668 | ||||||||
Daily | 23 (11.5) | 8 (34.8) | 15 (65.2) | 1.41 | 0.56-3.52 | 0.467 | 1.031 ± 0.852 | ||
Weekly | 30 (15.0) | 11 (36.7) | 19 (63.3) | 1.30 | 0.58-2.92 | 0.532 | 1.253 ± 0.772 | ||
> Weekly | 147 (73.5) | 63 (42.9) | 84 (57.1) | 1 | 1.094 ± 0.780 | ||||
Fishing | 0.157 | ||||||||
Daily | 11 (5.5) | 4 (36.4) | 7 (63.6) | 2.00 | 0.34-4.24 | 0.778 | 0.947 ± .0635 | ||
Weekly | 7 (3.5) | 4 (57.1) | 3 (42.9) | 0.39 | 0.11-2.36 | 0.392 | 1.943 ± 0.393 | ||
> Weekly | 182 (91.0) | 74 (40.7) | 108 (59.3) | 1 | 1.099 ± 0.790 | ||||