From: Long-term trends in Anopheles gambiae insecticide resistance in Côte d’Ivoire
(a) DDT | Wald χ2 | d.f. | P-value |
---|---|---|---|
Intercept | 337.471 | 1 | 0.000 |
Year (covariate) | 337.866 | 1 | 0.000 |
Ecological zone | 68.178 | 1 | 0.000 |
Year × ecological zone | 68.062 | 1 | 0.000 |
(b) deltamethrin | Wald χ 2 | d.f. | P-value |
Intercept | 56.854 | 1 | 0.000 |
Year (covariate) | 55.615 | 1 | 0.000 |
Ecological zone | 4.833 | 1 | 0.028 |
Year × ecological zone | 4.926 | 1 | 0.026 |
(c) permethrin | Wald χ 2 | d.f. | P-value |
Intercept | 6.848 | 1 | 0.009 |
Year (covariate) | 7.001 | 1 | 0.008 |
Insecticide concentration | 63.232 | 1 | 0.000 |
Ecological zone | 33.974 | 1 | 0.000 |
Year × ecological zone | 33.889 | 1 | 0.000 |
(d) carbamate | Wald χ 2 | d.f. | P-value |
Intercept | 1.205 | 1 | 0.272 |
Year (covariate) | 1.193 | 1 | 0.275 |
Insecticide type | 5.922 | 1 | 0.015 |
Ecological zone | 72.697 | 1 | 0.000 |
Year × ecological zone | 72.311 | 1 | 0.000 |
(e) organophosphate | Wald χ 2 | d.f. | P-value |
Intercept | 1.517 | 1 | 0.218 |
Year (covariate) | 1.693 | 1 | 0.193 |
Ecological zone | 59.664 | 1 | 0.000 |
Year × ecological zone | 59.063 | 1 | 0.000 |