From: Tick-borne pathogens and the vector potential of ticks in China
Tick species | Pathogens | Diseases | References |
---|---|---|---|
Ixodes | |||
I. persulcatus | B. burgdorferi; human granulocytc Ehrlichia (HGE)b; Spotted Fever Group Rickettsia (SFGR) b; Ehrlichia b; Anaplasma phagocytophila b; tick-borne Encephalitis virus (TBEV); Babesia bigemina, Ba. bovis | Lyme disease; Ehrlichiosis; spotted fever; human granulocytic anaplasmosis; babesiosis | [18-25] |
I. kazakstani | B. burgdorferi a | Lyme disease | [26] |
I. nipponensis | B. afzelii a,b; TBEV a,b | Lyme disease; tick-borne encephalitis; | [27,28] |
I. ovatus | Ehrlichia a,b; TBEV; R. japonica a,b | Ehrlichiosis; tick-borne encephalitis; Oriental spotted fever | [29-31] |
I. granulates | B. burgdorferi | Lyme disease | [32] |
I. acutitarsus | B. burgdorferi | Lyme disease | [33] |
I. sinensis | R. monacensis b; Ehrlichia, Bartonella, and Borrelia b; B. garinii b | Lyme disease; Mediterranean Spotted Fever | [34] |
Amblyomma | |||
Am. geoemydae | Reptile-associated Borrelia spp. a,b;relapsing fever Borrelia sp. a,b | Relapsing fever | [35] |
Am. helvolum | SFGR a,b; Rickettsia sp. a,b | Spotted fever | [36,37] |
Am. testudinarium | R. tamurae sp. nov.a,b; Ehrlichia chaffeensis b; | Human monocytic ehrlichiosis | [38,39] |
Haemaphysalis | |||
H. longicornis | New bunyavirusb; B. burodorferi; A. phagocytophilum b; SFGRa,b; Babesia spa; Huaiyangshan virusb; Borrelia, Bartonella, Anaplasma, and Ehrlichia b; Theileria uilenbergi b; | Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome; Lyme disease; human granulocytic anaplasmosis; spotted fever; babesiosis; Huaiyangshan hemorrhagic fever | [40-47] |
H. concinna | B. garinii b; HGEb; SFGRb; TBEVb | Human granulocytic Ehrlichiosis | [23,48-50] |
H. punctata |
B. burgdorferi sensu strictob; Ba. major and T. orientalis; Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virusa; Rickettsia
a,b; R. aeschlimannii a,b; An. phagocytophilum b; Flavivirus b | Lyme disease; Babesiosis; tick-borne encephalitis; Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever | [3,51-55] |
H. cornigera | R. heilongjiangensis a,b | Spotted fever | [31] |
H. erinacei | SFGRa,b | Spotted fever | [56] |
H. flava | Ehrlichia b; R. japonica a,b | EhIichiosis; Japanese Spotted fever | [57,58] |
H. formosensis | R. asiatica sp. nov.a,b; Kyasanur Forest disease virusa,b; R. japonica a,b; An. phagocytophilum a,b | Spotted fever; Kyasanur Forest disease; | [31,59-61] |
H. hystricis | An. phagocytophilum b; R. japonica a,b | Human granulocytic anaplasmosis; Japanese Spotted fever | [31,62] |
H. japonica | B. garinii b; TBEVa,b | Lyme disease; tick-borne encephalitis | [63,64] |
H. kitaokai | SFGRa,b | Spotted Fever | [65] |
H. lagrangei | Anaplasma spp.a,b; Rickettsia a,b; | Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis; Rickettsioses | [66,67] |
H. bispinosa | B. burodorferi; T. sergenti; Ba. bigemina | Lyme disease; Piroplasmosis | [32,68,69] |
H. megaspinosa | A. bovis and An. phagocytophilum a,b; SFGRa,b | Human granulocytic anaplasmosis; spotted fever; | [65,70] |
H. ornithophila | SFGRa,b | Spotted Fever | [71] |
H. phasiana | TBEVa,b | Tick-borne encephalitis | [64] |
H. qinghaiensis | T. uilenbergi b; An. phagocytophilum b; Theileria spp.; | Human granulocytic anaplasmosis; theileriosis | [72-74] |
H. spinigera | Flavivirusa,b | Kyasanur forest disease | [3] |
H. tibetensis | GRD spirochetes | Unknown | [75] |
H. wellingtoni | Kyasanur forest disease virusa,b; Eubacterium sp. strain Hw124 and Eubacterium sp. strain Hw191a,b | Kyasanur forest disease; | [66,76] |
H. campanulata | Coxiella burneti b | Q fever | [77] |
H. yeni | R. sibirica b | North-Asia Spotted fever | [78] |
Hyalomma | |||
Hy. anatolicum | Trypanosoma theileri-like flagellatesa,b; Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virusa,b; T. annulata | Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever | [79-81] |
Hy. asiaticum | Hemorrhagic fever virusb; R. mongolotimonae b; T. annulata; Rickettsiale b | Hemorrhagic fever; theileriosis | [81-84] |
Hy. scupense | T. annulata | Theileriosis | [81] |
Hy. rufipes | T. annulata a,b | Theileriosis | [85] |
Hy. dromedarii | Kadam virusa,b | Unknown | [86] |
Dermacentor | |||
D. nuttalli | B. burgdorferi b; SFGRb; HGE; Ba. caballi and Ba. equi a,b; Rickettsiaes | Lyme disease; North Asia Spotted Fever; human granulocytic ehrlichiosis; babesiosis | [23,84,87-89] |
D. reticulatus | R. helvetica a,b; R. slovaca a,b; An. phagocytophila a,b; Babesia a,b | Unexplained febrile illness; Spotless rickettsiosis; human granulocytic anaplasmosis; babesiosis | [90-93] |
D. silvarum | HGEb; E. chaffeensis b; TBEV; R. raoultii sp. nov.b; R. heilongjiangensis a,b, R. sibirica b | Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis; Encephalitis; Spotted Fever; | [23,94-98] |
D. auratus | SFGRb | Spotted Fever | [99] |
D. everestianus | An. ovis b; R. raoultii–like bacteriab; Bacillus tularensis b | Spotted Fever; Tularemia | [100-102] |
D. marginatus | B. burgdorferi b; R. slovaca a,b | Lyme disease; tick-borne lymphadenopathy | [51,103] |
D. niveus | SFGRa,b; An. ovis b; Bacillus tularensis b | Spotted Fever; Tularemia | [100,102,104] |
D. sinicus | SFGRb | Spotted fever | [105] |
D. taiwanensis | R. japonica a,b; | Japanese Spotted fever | [106] |
Rhipicephalus | |||
Rh. microplus | A. marginale b, Ba. bigemina, Ba. bovis, T. equi; E. chaffeensis a,b; TBEVb; C. burnetii b | Babesiosis; theileriosis; Encephalitis; Q fever | [2,107,108] |
Rh. bursa | An. marginale b, An. ovis b, An. phagocytophilum b, Ba. bigemina b, Ba. ovis b, Bhanja virusa,b, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virusa,b | Human granulocytic anaplasmosis; babesiosis; Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever | [3,109] |
Rh. pumilio | SFGRa,b; R. conorii b; An. phagocytophilum b | Spotted fever; human granulocytic anaplasmosis | [110,111] |
Rh. rossicus | West Nile virusa,b | West Nile fever | [112] |
Rh. sanguineus | Ba. vogeli b, E. canis b, R. conorii a,b, R. massiliae a,b, R. rickettsii a,b | Babesiosis; Mediterranean spotted fever | [3,113] |
Rh. turanicus | R. conorii a,b, R. massiliae a,b | Mediterranean spotted fever | [114] |
Rh. haemaphysaloides | SFGRb; Ba. bigemina b, B. bovis b | Spotted fever; Babesiosis | [109] |