Table 1 Generic (subgeneric) classification of phlebotomine sand flies focusing on the main vectors of Leishmania species causing most human leishmaniasis
From: Recent advances in phlebotomine sand fly research related to leishmaniasis control
Six long- accepted genera (a) | Distribution of genera (a) | Main vectors of human leishmaniasis (a), in genus of first column and aligned with alternative classification in fourth column | Alternative genus (subgenus) classification in Latin American, Francophone and other countries (b) | Form of human leishmaniasis, Leishmania parasites transmitted (c) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Phlebotomus | Europe | P. (Larroussius) spp. | None | ZVL, Le. (Le.) infantum infantum |
P. (Paraphlebotomus) sergenti | None | ACL or ZCL, Le. (Le.) tropica | ||
Africa | P. (Larroussius) spp. | None | ZVL, Le. (Le.) i. infantum | |
P. (Larroussius) spp. | None | AVL or ZVL, Le. (Le.) donovani | ||
P. (Synphlebotomus) spp. | None | AVL or ZVL, Le. (Le.) donovani | ||
P. (Paraphlebotomus) sergenti | None | ACL or ZCL, Le. (Le.) tropica | ||
P. (Phlebotomus) papatasi | None | ZCL, Le. (Le.) major | ||
P. (Phlebotomus) duboscqi | None | ZCL, Le. (Le.) major | ||
Asia | P. (Larroussius) spp. | None | ZVL, Le. (Le.) i. infantum | |
P. (Euphlebotomus) argentipes | None | AVL, Le. (Le.) donovani | ||
P. (Paraphlebotomus) sergenti | None | ACL & ZCL, Le. (Le.) tropica | ||
P. (Adlerius) spp. | None | ZCL, Le. (Le.) tropica | ||
P. (Phlebotomus) papatasi | None | ZCL, Le. (Le.) major | ||
Australia, Asia | No incriminated vectors | Australophlebotomus | Not applicable | |
Asia, Australia | No incriminated vectors | Idiophlebotomus (H) | Not applicable | |
Africa | No incriminated vectors | Spelaeophlebotomus (H) | Not applicable | |
Sergentomyia | Europe, Africa, Asia, Oceania, Australia | No incriminated vectors | None of 6+ subgenera of Sergentomyia | Not applicable |
Africa, Asia | No incriminated vectors | Grassomyia, Parvidens, Spelaeomyia | Not applicable | |
Chinius (H) | Asia | No incriminated vectors | None | Not applicable |
Warileya | C & S America | No incriminated vectors | Warileya (H), Hertigia (H) | Not applicable |
Brumptomyia | C & S America | No incriminated vectors | None | Not applicable |
Lutzomyia | C & S America | L. (Lutzomyia) longipalpis s.l. | None | ZVL, Le. (Le.) infantum chagasi |
S America | L. (Pifanomyia) evansi | Pintomyia (Pifanomyia) | ZVL, Le. (Le.) i. chagasi | |
C & S America | L. (Nyssomyia) olmeca | Bichromomyia | ZCL, Le. (Le.) mexicana s.l. | |
S America | L. (Nyssomyia) flaviscutellata | Bichromomyia | ZCL, Le. (Le.) amazonensis | |
S America | L. (Helcocyrtomyia) spp. | None | ZCL, Le. (Le.) mexicana s.l. | |
S America | L. (Nyssomyia) spp., L. (Pifanomyia) spp., L. (Psychodopygus) spp. | Nyssomyia, Pintomyia (Pifanomyia), Psychodopygus | ZCL & MCL, Le. (Vi.) braziliensis | |
S America | L. (Helcocyrtomyia) spp. | None | ZCL & MCL, Le. (Vi.) peruviana | |
C & S America | L. (Nyssomyia) spp. | Nyssomyia | ZCL, Le. (Vi.) panamensis, Le. (Vi.) guyanensis | |
Americas | Suspected vectors in one or more of the 26 subgeneric groups of Lutzomyia | One or more of the 31 subgenera classified in 18 genera | American parasites (above); plus Le. (Le.) i. infantum in North American foxhounds |