Serological differentiation of antibodies against Rickettsia helvetica, R. raoultii, R. slovaca, R. monacensis and R. felis in dogs from Germany by a micro-immunofluorescent antibody test

Table 1 Prevalence rates of Spotted Fever Group Rickettsiae in ticks in Germany, according to the geographic region

*Rickettsia* species	Tick species	% pos	Number of ticks tested	Region	Reference
R. helvetica	Ixodes ricinus	5.6-13.3%	1187	BW	[33]
		12.0%	2141	BY	[34]
		4.8%	2861	BY	[35]
		6.0%	4459	BY	[36]
		14.2%	127	BE	[37]
		3.5-6.2%	3591	south of Germany	[7]
		32.9%	1089	NI	[38]
		13.4-17.4%	1702	BY/ SL/ SN	[39]
		8.5%	2186	BY	[40]
		52.5%	1400	Hamburg	[41]
		26.2%	2100	Hannover	[42]
R. raoultii	Dermacentor	30.0%	666	BW	[43]
R. raoultii	spp.	56.7%	1359	BY/ SL/ SN	[39]
R. slovaca	Dermacentor	0.8%	666	BY	[43]
	spp.	13.3%	15	BY/ SL/ SN	[39]
R. monacensis	I. ricinus	0.5%	2861	BY	[35]
		0.6%	3591	BY	[7]
		0.4%	4459	BY	[36]
		0.4%	1089	NI	[38]
		0.2%	2186	BY	[40]
R. felis	I. ricinus	0.4%	1450	BY/NRW	[7]
R. massiliae	I. ricinus	1.7%	57	eastern BY	[7]

BE: Berlin; BY: Bavaria; BW: Baden-Wurttemberg; NI: Lower Saxony; NRW: North Rhine-Westphalia; SL: Saarland; SN: Saxony.

ISSN: 1756-3305