Table 1 Prevalence of antibodies to Leishmania infantum in dogs from southern Portugal according to independent variables and their categories

Gender

169

p = 0.161

  Female

79 (46.7)

22.8

7.1–22.1

  Male

90 (53.3)

13.3

14.1–33.6

Breed

167

p = 0.747

  Defined

93 (55.7)

19.4

8.7–26.6

  Mongrel

74 (44.3)

16.2

11.9–28.8

Fur length

81

p = 0.393

  Short

47 (58.0)

10.6

3.5–23.1

  Medium or long

34 (42.0)

2.9

0.1–15.3

Age (months)

155

p = 0.530

  [2–11]

31 (20.0)

16.1

5.5–33.7

  [12–83]

74 (47.7)

21.6

12.9–32.7

  [84–204]

50 (32.3)

14.0

5.8–26.7

Lifestyle

170

p = 1.0

  Domestic

157 (92.4)

18.5

12.7–25.4

  Stray

13 (7.6)

15.4

1.9–45.4

Housing

161

p = 0.280

  Exclusively or mainly indoors

69 (42.9)

23.2

13.9–34.9

  Mainly or exclusively outdoors

92 (57.1)

15.2

8.6–24.2

Sand fly repellents*

145

p = 1.0

  Yes

58 (46.9)

17.6

9.5–28.8

  No

77 (53.1)

16.9

9.3–27.1

D. immitis

170

p = 1.0

  Negative

154 (90.6)

18.2

12.4–25.2

  Positive

16 (9.4)

18.8

4.0–45.6

Total

170

18.2

12.7–24.7