Table 3 Herd and environmental factors associated with the presence of F. hepatica infection in Danish bovine herds (n = 16,626) as diagnosed by meat inspection (2011 to 2013), in the final logistic regression model

Intercept

−0.95 (0.41)^b

Farm-type

Conventional

15,759

40.43

−0.18 (0.14)

Organic

867

53.52

ref

Production-type

Non-dairy²

12,324

35.22

0.21 (0.14)

Dairy

4,302

58

reference

Distance to the nearest fluke positive herd³

−0.19 (0.02)^a

Slaughterhouse

A

1,862

42.16

0.58 (0.07)^a

B

2,669

56.13

1.21 (0.06)^a

C

2,006

47.51

0.66 (0.07)^a

D

2,378

40.92

0.44 (0.07)^a

E

725

50.07

0.91 (0.09)^a

F

1,025

41.76

1.03 (0.08)^a

G

575

40.17

0.62 (0.10)^a

H

1,460

62.12

1.53 (0.07)^a

Other

3,926

17.75

reference

Streams

Present

4,769

44.87

0.16 (0.04)^a

Absent

11,857

39.6

reference

Wetlands

Present

6,567

45.29

0.31 (0.04)^a

Absent

10,059

38.38

reference

Cropland

Present

16,582

41.12

−0.88 (0.36)^b

Absent

44

36.36

ref

Pastures

Present

984

55.28

0.38 (0.07)^a

Absent

15,642

40.22

reference

Dry-land

Present

10,562

42.08

−0.08 (0.04)^b

Absent

6,064

39.43

reference

Herd-size

Small (<30)

9,028

26.09

reference

Medium (≥30 to < 100)

3,200

53.41

1.17 (0.27)^b

Large (≥100)

4,398

63.01

1.92 (0.23)^b

BuyInfYN⁴

Yes

1,659

61.18

0.68 (0.25)^b

Unknown

3,106

55.02

−0.15 (0.21)^b

No

11,861

34.66

reference

Farm-type*BuyInfYN

Conventional*Yes

1,547

60.31

0.09 (0.26)

Conventional*Unknown

2,962

54.90

0.65 (0.22)^a

Conventional*No

11,250

33.88

reference

Farm-type*Herd-size

Conventional*Small

8,726

26,08

reference

Conventional*Medium

3,045

52.97

−0.56 (0.23)^b

Conventional*Large

3,988

62.24

−0.48 (0.19)^a

Production-type*Herd-size

Non-dairy*Small

8,760

26.03

reference

Non-dairy*Medium

2,640

55.72

0.42 (0.17)^a

Non-dairy*Large

924

63.85

−0.06 (0.17)