Skip to main content

Table 1 General schema of the Aedes albopictus surveillance strategies and procedures adopted in Canton Ticino (Switzerland) from 2000 to 2013

From: Strategies of a thirteen year surveillance programme on Aedes albopictus (Stegomyia albopicta) in southern Switzerland

Surveillance system

First period (2000-2003)

Second period (2004-2008)

Third period (2009-2013)

Survey

survey aims

detect mosquito presence at it's arrival

intercept mosquito at arrival and analyse it's spread

analyse mosquito's spread and oversee it's densities

surveyed areas

points of entry and development (major parking places, cemeteries, parks, etc) and resting places along the highway

points of entry and development (major parking places, cemeteries, parks, etc), industrial areas, whole municipalities (if positive), resting places and parking's along the highway

whole municipalities with grid system, resting places and parking's along the highway

site selection for trap positioning

GLZ

GLZ

GLZ and municipalities

traps managing

GLZ

GLZ

municipalities

collection with other traps

no other traps used

BG-sentinel, Human Landing Collection

BG-sentinel, Human Landing Collection

contact with residents

phone, mail and e-mail (shipping suspicious insects)

phone, mail and e-mail (shipping suspicious insects)

phone, mail and e-mail (shipping suspicious insects) and web page

management of resident breeding sites inspection

GLZ

GLZ

GLZ and municipalities

warm season survey period

mid-June till mid-October

April till mid-October

May till end-September

cold season survey period

no survey

no survey

December till May (GLZ)

Control

control aims

elimination

elimination or control of densities

control of densities

decision, responsibility and supervision of treatments

GLZ

GLZ

GLZ

treatments timing

once positive

once positive

once positive or monthly if most of municipality was found positive

treatments areas

around positive site

around positive site or the entire municipality (private and public areas)

the entire municipality (private and public areas)

treatments execution

GLZ

GLZ (with help of municipality and Civil Protection)

municipality with help of Civil Protection under the supervision of GLZ

larvicide used

Bti

Bti or diflubenzuron (for large scale treatments)

diflubenzuron or Bti (if requested from the municipality)

adulticide used

permethrin

permethrin

permethrin (only in schools etc. or for epidemic risk reduction)

removal of breeding sites

GLZ

GLZ and municipality

GLZ and municipality (ordinance)

areas concerned for removal of breeding sites

around positive site

door-to-door

when reported

information

media (newspapers, radio and television)

media (newspapers, radio and television), web page and specific leaflets

media (newspapers, radio, television), web page, specific leaflets and instruction on Bti tablets usage for citizens

  1. GLZ: Gruppo cantonale di Lavoro Zanzare, see text.
  2. Bti: Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis.