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Table 4 Contact toxicity of four flavonoids, eight fatty acids, four fatty acid esters, and two larvicides to third instar Aedes aegypti larvae during a 24 h exposure

From: Larvicidal activity and possible mode of action of four flavonoids and two fatty acids identified in Millettia pinnata seed toward three mosquito species

Compound

LC 50 , mg/L (95% CL)

Slope ± SE

χ 2a

p -value

Karanjin (1)b

16.13 (13.61–18.99)

2.2 ± 0.26

1.56

0.999

Oleic acid (3)b

18.45 (15.75–21.08)

3.0 ± 0.40

1.71

0.998

Karanjachromene (2)b

20.57 (17.69–23.57)

2.9 ± 0.40

2.02

0.996

Linoleic acid

21.28 (18.05–26.02)

2.1 ± 0.29

1.24

0.999

Linolenic acid

22.57 (19.31–27.41)

2.4 ± 0.31

1.01

0.999

Pongamol (5)b

25.76 (22.44–29.35)

2.7 ± 0.34

1.48

0.999

Elaidic acid

32.16 (29.15–35.62)

3.8 ± 0.44

3.13

0.997

Pongarotene (6)b

37.61 (33.96–41.50)

3.6 ± 0.44

4.88

0.977

Palmitic acid (4)b

42.96 (39.25–46.37)

4.6 ± 0.62

1.65

0.999

Arachidic acid

60.51 (55.09–67.01)

3.8 ± 0.45

15.4

0.283

Behenic acid

86.83 (81.18–92.83)

6.1 ± 1.20

4.07

0.944

Stearic acid

>200

   

Methyl oleate

>200

   

Ethyl oleate

>200

   

Methyl linoleate

>200

   

Ethyl linoleate

>200

   

Temephos

0.015 (0.013–0.018)

2.6 ± 0.32

2.41

0.992

Fenthion

0.022 (0.019–0.024)

3.6 ± 0.43

2.61

0.989

  1. aPearson’s chi-square goodness-of-fit test.
  2. bNatural compounds isolated from Millettia pinnata seed in this study. The other 10 compounds were commercially organic pure compounds.