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Table 1 Description of study participants, overall, and by sex. SD = standard deviation, CI = confidence intervals

From: Epidemiology of coinfection with soil transmitted helminths and Plasmodium falciparum among school children in Bumula District in western Kenya

Characteristic

Overall (n = 5,471)

Boys (n = 2,782)

Girls (n = 2,689)

p-value

Mean age (years, SD)

10.5 (2.3)

10.6 (2.6)

10.3 (2.4)

<0.001

Age-group (years, n (%))

    

 5-8

1294 (23.7)

624 (22.4)

670 (24.9)

 

 9-10

1413 (25.8)

677 (24.3)

736 (27.4)

0.263

 11-12

1411 (25.8)

728 (26.2)

683 (25.4)

 

 13-18

1353 (24.7)

753 (27.1)

600 (22.3)

 

Class (n, (%))

    

 Lower primary (1–3)

2711 (49.5)

1422 (52.5)

1289 (47.5)

 

 Upper primary (4–6)

2760 (50.5)

1360 (49.3)

1400 (50.7)

0.020

Stunted (n, (%))

186 (3.4)

106 (3.8)

80 (3.0)

0.080

Underweight (n, %)

1306 (23.9)

803 (28.9)

503 (18.7)

<0.001

Thinness (n %)

577 (10.6)

355 (12.8)

222 (8.6)

<0.001

Prevalence of helminth infection

    

 Hookworm (%, 95 % CI)

16.9 (14.6-19.5)

20.0 (17.1-23-4)

13.6 (11.5-16.0)

<0.001

  A. lumbricoides (%, 95 % CI)

15.3 (12.2-19.2)

14.5 (11.6-18.3)

16.2 (12.7-20.7)

0.165

  T. trichiura (%, 95 % CI)

0.3 (0.2-0.7)

0.30 (0.2-0.7)

0.5 (0.2-0.9)

0.444

 Any STH (%, 95 % CI)

27.6 (24.8-30.8)

29.7 (26.4-33.4)

25.5 (22.3-29.1)

0.020

  S. mansoni (%, 95 % CI)

0.2 (0.1-0.4)

2.8 (1.6-4.9)

1.6 (0.9-3.7)

0.100

Intensity of helminth Infection

    

 Hookworm (epg, 95 % CI)

41 (27–61)

54 (35–85)

27 (16–45)

0.008

  A. lumbridoides (epg, 95 % CI)

758 (559–1028)

641 (455–901)

880 (647–1195)

0.005

P. falciparum infection (%, 95 % CI)

46.4 (41.7-51.6)

48.9 (44.1-54.1)

44.0 (39.2-49.3)

<0.001

Mean parasite density (parasites per μl blood)

    

 Uninfected (n, %)

2930 (53.7)

1423 (51.1)

1507 (56.0)

 

 Low (1–999) (n, %)

1576 (28.8)

836 (30.0)

740 (27.5)

0.319

 Medium/high (≥1000) (n, %)

965 (18.6)

523 (18.8)

442 (16.4)

 

Coinfection

    

 Hookworm-A. lumbricoides (%, 95 % CI)

4.7 (3.7-6.1)

5.00 (3.8-6.5)

4.5 (3.3-6.0)

0.448

 Hookworm-P. falciparum (%, 95 % CI)

9.0 (7.4-11.0)

11.2 (9.3-13.6)

6.9 (5.5-8.7)

<0.001

  A. lumbricoides-P. falciparum (%, 95 % CI)

7.8 (6.1-10.0)

7.80 (5.9-10.1)

7.8 (5.8-10.4)

0.904

 Any STH-P-falciparum (%, 95 % CI)

14.3 (12.1-16.8)

15.9 (13.4-18.9)

12.5 (10.4-15.2)

0.002

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Parasites & Vectors

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