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Table 1 Ratios and quantities of individual compounds of the essential oils: citronella, cumin, thyme and cinnamon

From: Electrophysiological and behavioral characterization of bioactive compounds of the Thymus vulgaris, Cymbopogon winterianus, Cuminum cyminum and Cinnamomum zeylanicum essential oils against Anopheles gambiae and prospects for their use as bednet treatments

Essential oil and plant species

Composition (%)a

Quantity tested (μl/cm2)b

   

C1

C2

Citronella

34.7 %

Citronellal

0.004

0.035

Cymbopogon winterianus

22.5 %

Geraniol

0.002

0.023

12.0 %

Citronellol

0.001

0.012

3.5 %

Geranyl-acetate

0.0003

0.003

3.3 %

Limonene

0.0003

0.003

76.0 %

Sub-total (blend)

0.010

0.100

4.2 %

Elemol

NT

NT

2.9 %

Citronellyl acetate

NT

NT

2.5 %

β-elemene

NT

NT

2.2 %

δ-cadinene

NT

NT

0.9 %

Linalool

NT

NT

0.8 %

Eugenol

NT

NT

89.5 %

Total

NT

NT

Cumin

30.1 %

Cuminaldehyde

0.003

0.030

Cuminum cyminum

12.2 %

β-pinene

0.001

0.012

11.6 %

γ-terpinene

0.001

0.012

9.7 %

p-cymene

0.001

0.097

63.6 %

Sub-total (blend)

0.010

0.100

16.6 %

p-mentha-1,3-dien-7-al

NT

NT

8.8 %

p-mentha-1,4-dien-7-al

NT

NT

0.6 %

α-pinene

NT

NT

0.4 %

Myrcene

NT

NT

0.4 %

Limonene

NT

NT

90.4 %

Total

NT

NT

Thyme

30.5 %

Thymol

0.003

0.031

Thymus vulgaris

23.7 %

p-cymene

0.002

0.024

13.6 %

Carvacrol

0.001

0.014

8.4 %

α-terpinene

0.001

0.008

4.0 %

Linalool

0.0004

0.004

3.5 %

β-caryophyllene

0.0004

0.004

83.7 %

Sub-total (blend)

0.010

0.100

1.7 %

Myrcene

NT

NT

1.1 %

Borneol

NT

NT

1.1 %

α-pinene

NT

NT

1.4 %

γ-terpinene

NT

NT

1.2 %

Terpinen-4-ol

NT

NT

0.9 %

Limonene

NT

NT

0.8 %

α-thujene

NT

NT

91,9 %

Total

NT

NT

Cinnamon

78.5 %

(E)-cinnamaldehyde

0.008

0.079

Cinnamomum zeylanicum

9.6 %

2-methoxy-cinnamaldehyde

0.001

0.096

3.1 %

Cinnamyl-acetate

0.003

0.031

91.2 %

Sub-total (blend)

0.0100

0.1000

1.1 %

Benzaldehyde

NT

NT

0.9 %

Coumarine

NT

NT

0.7 %

Phenyl ethyl alcohol

NT

NT

0.4 %

(Z)-cinnamaldehyde

NT

NT

94,3 %

Total

NT

NT

  1. aThe percentage composition of the essential oil was computed by the normalization method from GC/FID analyses, response factors being taken as one for all compounds. The composition of the four essential oils was identified by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry
  2. bThe used quantities are expressed in μl/cm2 of chromatograph paper or net