Electrophysiological and behavioral characterization of bioactive compounds of the Thymus vulgaris, Cymbopogon winterianus, Cuminum cyminum and Cinnamomum zeylanicum essential oils against Anopheles gambiae and prospects for their use as bednet treatments

Table 3 Efficacy of impregnated bednets in tunnel cage on Anopheles gambiae^a females

	Product	Dose (μl/cm2)	N^b	Passed through net (%)	Engorged (%)	Mortality (%)
1	Control	0	285	86.0	60.7	5.6
	Permethrin	0.1	362	59.1*	11.3*	64.6*
	Geraniol	0.03	300	95.0*	72.0	10.0
	Cinnamaldehyde	0.08	274	80.3	46.0*	22.3*
2	Control	0	283	86.9	68.9	10.2
	Carvacrol	0.03	219	82.2	52.5*	31.1*
	Cuminaldehyde	0.05	263	57.0*	33.8*	44.9*
3	Control	0	260	96.2	87.7	5.8
	Permethrin	0.1	263	51.0*	8.4*	64.6*
	Cuminaldehyde	0.1	259	96.5	76.4	22.0*
	Cinnamaldehyde	0.1	356	94.7	87.9	6.7
4	Control	0	267	98.1	86.5	8.6
	Geraniol	0.1	257	94.6	78.6	11.3
	Carvacrol	0.1	267	91.4*	83.9	10.5
5	Control	0	231	98.7	80.5	6.9
	Blend^c	0.1	235	81.3	60.4*	6.0
	Thyme oil	0.1	225	93.8	73.3	15.6
	Cinnamon oil	0.1	266	94.7	65.4*	25.9*
6	Control	0	266	95.5	85	5.6
	Cumin oil	0.1	240	93.8	74.6*	6.7
	Citronella oil	0.1	224	95.1	62.5*	3.6
	Linalol	0.1	272	93.8	77.6	4.0

^a7- to 9-day-old, non-blood-fed, sugar-fed, Kisumu strain
^bNumber of An. gambiae female tested
^cBlend of carvacrol, geraniol, cinnamaldehyde, cuminaldehyde (1:1:1:1)
*Significant difference (P < 0.05, fisher test with the Holm’s sequential Bonferroni correction method) between values for control and treatment tunnels

ISSN: 1756-3305