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Table 1 Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) for the effect of leaf detritus species and intraspecific competition on Culex pipiens female and male time to eclosion (days) and wing length (mm). Standardized canonical coefficients (SCCs) describe the relative contribution of each life history trait to the multivariate effect

From: Asymmetric effects of native and exotic invasive shrubs on ecology of the West Nile virus vector Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae)

Sex

Variable

df

Pillai’s trace

P

SCCs

Eclosion time

Wing length

Female

Leaf

8

22.07

<0.001*

1.41

−0.33

Competition

4

18.81

<0.001*

1.01

−0.94

Leaf*Competition

16

5.05

<0.001*

−0.92

1.02

Male

Leaf

8

26.52

<0.001*

1.25

−0.27

Competition

4

22.79

<0.001*

−0.44

1.21

Leaf*Competition

16

3.03

<0.001*

0.38

1.46

  1. Asterisks indicate statistically significant effects at α = 0.05