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Table 3 Model-averaged parameter estimates of the anti-Borrelia IgG response of the Scandinavian brown bears

From: Serological signature of tick-borne pathogens in Scandinavian brown bears over two decades

Parameter

Model-averaged coefficients

Estimate

% Change

SE

Adj SE

z value

p

Sig

Intercepta

Intercept (yearlings in northern area)

3.421

 

0.0574

0.0575

59.513

<0.0001

***

Contrast

Juveniles

0.216

6.3 %

0.0613

0.0614

3.524

0.0004

***

Contrast

Young adults

0.350

10.2 %

0.0531

0.0532

6.569

<0.0001

***

Contrast

Adults

0.160

4.7 %

0.0871

0.0872

1.832

0.0669

 

Contrast

Old adults

0.237

6.9 %

0.1240

0.1242

1.91

0.0561

 

Contrast

Southern area

−0.079

−2.3 %

0.0790

0.0791

0.994

0.3202

 

Contrast

Juveniles in southern area

0.113

3.3 %

0.0724

0.0725

1.559

0.1189

 

Contrast

Young adults in southern area

0.154

4.5 %

0.0643

0.0645

2.389

0.0169

*

Contrast

Adults in southern area

0.292

8.5 %

0.0997

0.0999

2.92

0.0035

**

Contrast

Old adults in southern area

0.074

2.2 %

0.1552

0.1555

0.477

0.6335

 

Slopeb

Capture year (yearlings in northern area)

−0.002

 

0.0054

0.0054

0.315

0.7525

 

Contrast

Capture year in southern area

0.011

0.3 %

0.0059

0.0059

1.942

0.0521

 

Contrast

Capture year in juveniles

0.006

0.2 %

0.0108

0.0108

0.571

0.5681

 

Contrast

Capture year in young adults

−0.003

−0.1 %

0.0095

0.0095

0.306

0.7595

 

Contrast

Capture year in adults

0.014

0.4 %

0.0147

0.0147

0.95

0.3421

 

Contrast

Capture year in old adults

0.024

0.6 %

0.0195

0.0195

1.217

0.2238

 

Contrast

Capture year in juveniles in southern area

−0.011

−0.3 %

0.0133

0.0133

0.858

0.3907

 

Contrast

Capture year in young adults in southern area

0.010

0.3 %

0.0122

0.0122

0.816

0.4145

 

Contrast

Capture year in adults in southern area

−0.025

−0.7 %

0.0172

0.0172

1.43

0.1529

 

Contrast

Capture year in old adults in southern area

−0.043

−1.3 %

0.0215

0.0215

2.019

0.0434

*

  1. The parameter estimates for the anti-Borrelia IgG response of the brown bears were averaged over the candidate models in Table 2. Anti-Borrelia IgG values were measured in units of optical density (OD units) and were modelled as a function of study area, age group, capture year and their interactions. The intercept and slope are defined for the reference group (yearling bears in the northern area). The contrasts refer to the difference in the intercepts (or slopes) between each particular combination of age group and area and the reference group. The percentage change (% Change) expresses each contrast as a percentage of the intercept (3.421 OD units). Also shown are the standard error (SE), the adjusted standard error (Adj SE), the z value, the p value (p), and the statistical significance (Sig)
  2. aIntercept refers to the mean OD for the yearling bears in the northern area
  3. bSlope refers to the change in OD per year for the yearling bears in the northern area
  4. Significance codes: ‘***’ = p < 0.001; ‘**’ = 0.001 < p < 0.010; ‘*’ = 0.010 < p < 0.050