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Table 5 Insecticide diagnostic concentrations expressed in % of active ingredient of different populations of Culicoides to different active ingredients

From: How do species, population and active ingredient influence insecticide susceptibility in Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) of veterinary importance?

Active ingredient

Population (origin)

C. nubeculosus

C. obsoletus

 

C. imicola

   

(Cirad, FR)

(Corrèze, FR)

(Mallorca, ES)

(Corsica, FR)

(Catalonia, ES)

(Rufisque, SEN)

(Pretoria,SA)

Pyrethroids

       

 Deltamethrin

0.03

0.01

0.04

0.01

0.04

0.01

0.03

 Alpha-cypermethrin

0.61

0.21

 

0.03

   

 Permethrin

2.65

0.48

1.12

0.77

1.55

0.20

 

Organophosphates

       

 Chlorpyrifos-methyl

0.82

0.74

 

1.36

   

 Phoxim

1.05

1.16

 

1.22

   

 Diazinon

1.26

2.29

 

2.54

   
  1. Most of diagnostic concentrations likely overestimated due to classical dose/response analysis (see discussion)
  2. FR France, ES Spain, SEN Senegal, SA South Africa