Estimation of changes in the force of infection for intestinal and urogenital schistosomiasis in countries with schistosomiasis control initiative-assisted programmes

French, Michael D.; Churcher, Thomas S.; Webster, Joanne P.; Fleming, Fiona M.; Fenwick, Alan; Kabatereine, Narcis B.; Sacko, Moussa; Garba, Amadou; Toure, Seydou; Nyandindi, Ursuline; Mwansa, James; Blair, Lynsey; Bosqué-Oliva, Elisa; Basáñez, Maria-Gloria

doi:10.1186/s13071-015-1138-1

Table 4 Changes in infection intensity and FOI for each of 32 sentinel sites with longitudinal data collected prior and one year after praziquantel treatment as part of the monitoring and evaluation component of the Ugandan schistosomiasis control programme

From: Estimation of changes in the force of infection for intestinal and urogenital schistosomiasis in countries with schistosomiasis control initiative-assisted programmes

BL infection intensity Category	District	Sentinel Site	No. in cohort (n)	BL FOI (wppy)	Infection intensity with S. mansoni (epg)				Ratio of FOI in relation to BL
BL infection intensity Category	District	Sentinel Site	No. in cohort (n)	BL FOI (wppy)	BL	FY1	FY2	FY3	ζ1	ζ2	ζ3
High	Bugiri	Buyondo	75	26.97	444.4	59.4^a	16.7^a	3.5^a	0.179^a	0.035^a	0.015^a
	Bugiri	Wakawaka	30	30.01	746.3	384.8	539.1	160.0	1.574^b	1.698^b	0.945
	Busia	Buloosi	72	24.78	598.1	99.7^a	52.4^a	24.0^a	0.357^a	0.220^a	0.099^a
	Hoima	Kibiro	57	54.87	1000.3	408.6^a	153.7^a	247.5^a	1.038	0.454^a	0.553^a
		Runga	20	47.35	710.4	404.6	230.4^a	110.4^a	1.444	0.976	0.727
		Tonya	9	61.81	1096.0	228.0^a	48.0^a	48.0^a	0.566	0.088^a	0.001^a
	Masindi	Walukubwa	20	62.28	895.2	314.2^a	108.9^a	974.8	0.591	0.266^a	1.346
	Mayuge	Bugoto LV	45	24.51	616.5	123.1^a	61.8^a	50.4^a	0.484^a	0.235^a	0.085^a
	Mayuge	Bwondha	33	28.94	529.5	83.3^a	133.8^a	61.1^a	0.558^a	0.604^a	0.263^a
	Nebbi	Panyimur	67	31.72	597.6	327.9^a	84.6^a	49.1^a	1.993^b	0.121^a	0.189^a
Medium	Bugiri	Busiro	57	12.06	154.9	141.4	51.1^a	108.5	1.891^b	0.572^a	1.312
	Busia	Bwaniha	70	20.38	386.1	58.7^a	25.0^a	42.7^a	0.513^a	0.187^a	0.251^a
	Hoima	Kasenyi	55	15.46	299.1	347.5	208.9	201.3	1.626^b	0.969	1.264
	Masindi	Butiaba	31	14.32	300.4	98.3	1.5^a	27.0^a	0.880	0.009^a	0.424^a
		Kabolwa	23	14.59	452.9	43.8^a	0.0^a	0.0^a	0.198^a	0.001^a	0.001^a
		Wanseko	57	10.12	114.2	31.2	20.6^a	0.0^a	0.465^a	0.286^a	0.000^a
	Nebbi	Kinju	52	15.21	104.4	52.9	16.9^a	81.1	1.196	0.444^a	1.267
	Nebbi	Pokwero	59	4.86	105.8	29.0^a	1.7^a	0.0^a	0.929	0.119^a	0.023^a
Low	Bugiri	Kibimba	41	0.36	13.5	16.2	15.4	0.0^a	3.584^b	2.214^b	0.000^a
	Bugiri	Kibuye	46	3.58	41.7	8.7	16.2	15.7	0.844	1.325	1.817^b
	Busia	Maduwa	77	5.46	68.1	7.0^a	3.9^a	0.4^a	0.772^a	0.116^a	0.010^a
	Busia	Majanji	64	1.66	27.8	2.2	1.5	0.0	0.064^a	0.059^a	0.000^a
	Hoima	Kibanjwa	103	0.02	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.000	0.000	0.000
	Mayuge	Bukizbu	59	0.40	7.7	0.6^a	0.4^a	0.0^a	0.114^a	0.135^a	0.000^a
		Ikulwe	46	0.04	0.5	0.0	0.0	-	0.246	0.000	-
		Lwanika	61	5.96	74.5	7.4^a	3.5^a	44.3	0.292^a	0.222^a	1.648^b
	Moyo	Aliba	39	1.38	62.2	2.1^a	5.7^a	2.7^a	0.056^a	0.244^a	0.103^a
		Dufile	69	1.70	60.5	0.7^a	4.1^a	0.0^a	0.008^a	0.151^a	0.000^a
		Etele	71	0.16	7.4	8.7	16.4	0.0^a	2.882^b	9.789^b	0.000^a
		Laropi	68	1.40	41.6	0.0	1.1	0.0	0.000^a	0.052^a	0.000^a
		Obongi	50	0.35	34.1	1.5	0.5	0.0	0.324^a	0.10002^a	0.000^a
	Nebbi	Pagwaya	54	1.66	49.8	12.0	2.7^a	2.1^a	0.430^a	0.088^a	0.087^a

BL baseline, FOI force of infection expressed as the mean number of adult female parasites acquired per person per year; wppy: worms per person per year; epg: eggs per gram of faeces, FY1 follow-up year 1, FY2 follow-up year 2, FY3 follow-up year 3; ζ₁, ζ₂, ζ₃: the relative change in the FOI at FY1, FY2, FY3, respectively, as a proportion of that at baseline; ^astatistically significant reduction in infection intensity or FOI from baseline; ^bstatistically significant increase in infection intensity or FOI from baseline
Note that the decision to allocate each sentinel site into high, medium, and low infection intensity categories was based on the infection intensity of the overall school/community at BL, rather than that of the longitudinal cohort selected to be followed up from that school/community (e.g. Kabolwa is classified in the medium category as the school-level intensity at BL was 339.4 epg; the cohort level was 452.9 epg). Any cohort with fewer than 20 individuals was excluded

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ISSN: 1756-3305

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