Fig. 2
From: Flying ticks: anciently evolved associations that constitute a risk of infectious disease spread
Diversity of vertebrate hosts for ticks and TBP. a Tree of the major vertebrate hosts for ticks and TBP was reconstructed using cytochrome b(Cytb) nucleotide sequences from 265 vertebrates (see Additional file 1). Amphibians were not included in the analysis because only one amphibian (Bufo marinus) is considered to be regularly infested by ticks, Amblyomma rotundatum [43]. b Divergence times for major hosts for ticks and TBP: Birds (Average 37.68 ± 19.08 Mya), Mammals (Average 18.27 ± 15.22 Mya) and Reptiles (Average 57.93 ± 45.85 Mya). Asterisks indicate levels of significance in the differences between groups tested by Kruskal-Wallis test post hoc Dunn’s multiple comparison test (****p < 0.0001; ns, no significant differences)