Fig. 6

Minimum spanning TCS networks joining the 9 S. haematobium cox1 Yemeni haplotypes by this study and 18 countries across Africa and the Indian Ocean Islands from by Webster et al. [15, 22]. Each line between haplotypes represents a single bp change and small circles between lines represent unsampled or extinct haplotypes. H1 involved haplotypes from SE1, SE2a, SE3a, SE4, SE5, SE6a, SE7a, SE8a, SE9, MA2, NI1a, NI2, LB1, GB1, NG1, CA1, CA1a, CA2, CA3, CA4, CA5, SU1, KE2, TA1a, MW1, MW2a, MW3 & Zan4. Hodiedah haplotypes were exclusively linked with group 1 and Y5HSH was found similar to H1. The rest of Yemeni haplotypes were grouped with coastal Kenya, Zanzibar, Tanzania, Mauritius & Madagascar. Y2TDISH include Y2DSH, Y2TSH & Y2ISH haplotypes (group 2). Yemeni haplotypes linked the two groups of African haplotypes with small branches