Effect of landscape features on the relationship between Ixodes ricinus ticks and their small mammal hosts

Parasites & Vectors

Table 2 Small mammal abundances, I. ricinus larval occurrence and questing I. ricinus nymph abundance as a function of the landscape features

	Effect estimates (± SE) on wood mouse abundance: GLMPs
Season	Spring		Autumn
Landscapes	All	Agricultural	All	Agricultural
N plots	3 × 24	3 × 12	3 × 24	3 × 12
Intercept	2.01 (±0.075)***	1.82 (±0.116)***	2.07 (±0.172)***	2.32 (±0.090)***
Sampling year	*******	*******	*******	*******
EcoL		0.366 (±0.069)***		0.107 (±0.051)*
Wood	0.156 (±0.059)**	0.211 (±0.080)**	−0.361 (±0.062)***
ENN-Wood			0.113 (±0.043)*
	Effect estimates (± SE) on bank vole abundance effect: GLMPs
Season	Spring		Autumn
Landscapes	All	Agricultural	All	Agricultural
N plots	3 × 24	3 × 12	3 × 24	3 × 12
Intercept	0.625 (±0.147)***	1.04 (±0.170)***	1.15 (±0.115)***	0.823 (±0.191)***
Sampling year	*******	*******	*******	*******
EcoL	−0.410 (±0.113)***	−0.447 (±0.129)***		0.227 (±0.115)°
Wood	−0.645 (±0.110)***	−0.286 (±0.112)**	0.196 (±0.104)°
ENN-Wood			0.224 (±0.095)*
	Effect estimates (± SE) on larva occurrence index: GLMPs
Season	Spring		Autumn
Landscapes	All	Agricultural	All	Agricultural
N plots	3 × 24	3 × 12	2 × 24	2 × 12
Intercept	0.536 (±0.156)***	1.02 (±0.105)***	1.48 (±0.098)***	1.63 (±0.128)***
Sampling year	**		°	*
EcoL
Wood		0.478 (±0.105)***
ENN-Wood
	Effect estimates (± SE) on questing nymph abundance: GLMNBs
Season	Spring		Autumn
Landscapes	All	Agricultural	All	Agricultural
N plots	3 × 24	3 × 12	2 × 24	2 × 12
Intercept	3.51 (±0.125)***	4.44 (±0.586)***	1.22 (±0.226)***	4.21 (±0.495)***
Sampling year			**
EcoL	−0.232 (±0.127)
Wood		1.13 (±0.692)°		3.92 (±0.870)***
ENN-Wood			−0.408 (±0.161)*

Small mammal abundances, I. ricinus larval occurrence index and questing I. ricinus nymph abundance were modelled in generalized linear models of with the landscape variables and the sampling year as explanatory factors. The response variables were modelled using a Poisson error distribution for small mammal abundances and larval occurrence index (GLMPs) and a negative binomial error distribution (GLMNBs) for questing nymph abundance to account for the over-dispersion of the data. Each model contains all the significant explanatory variables (i.e. multiple regressions). The slope and standard error of the numeric variables from the model with the lowest AICc are given (see text). Significant codes are “°”: alpha = 0.1 “*”: alpha = 0.05, “**”: alpha = 0.01 and “***”: alpha = 0.001. Significant estimates (p < 0.05) are in bold

ISSN: 1756-3305