Characterization of hemolymph phenoloxidase activity in two Biomphalaria snail species and impact of Schistosoma mansoni infection

Table 1 Summary of the general characteristics of PO enzymes determined from hemolymph of several mollusks

Class	Species	Substrate used for PO assays	PO optimum temperature (°C)	PO optimum pH	Michaelis constant (K _m) of PO enzyme identified (mM)^a	V _max of PO enzyme identified (OD.min^-1)^a	References
Gastropods	Biomphalaria glabrata	PPD	45	6.5-8.5 Max:8.5	1.45	0.024	Present study
	Biomphalaria alexandrina	PPD	45	6.5-8.5 Max:8.5	1.19	0.025	Present study
	Halitotis tuberculata	PPD	ND	8.2	13.5	0.029	Le Bris et al., 2014 49]
Bivalves	Saccostrea glomerata	L-DOPA	37	8	NA	NA	Aladaileh et al., 2007 [64]
	Crassostrae virginica	L-DOPA	ND	6-7.5	NA	NA	Jordan and Deaton, 2005 [44]
	Crassostera gigas	PPD	ND	ND	45	0.00059	Luna-acosta et al., 2011 [58]
	Ruditapes philippinarum	L-DOPA	40	7	NA	NA	Cong et al., 2005 [53
	Venerepis philippinarum	PPD	40	8.4	14.46	0.23	Le Bris et al., 2013 [48]
	Chlamys farreri	L-DOPA	45	6	NA	NA	Sun and Li, 1999 [65]

ND Not determined
NA Not applicable
^aMichaelis constant (K _m) and maximum velocity (V _max) of PO enzyme are strongly dependent to the substrate used. We mentioned K _m and V _max values when they are assessed using PPD substrate only, as in the present study

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