Fig. 1

Experimental design for feeding regimes under different immune challenges. Filled black circles denote times when blood meals were offered. Immune-challenge treatments are shown in columns. Each immune-challenge treatment column is split to show feeding patterns for the two feeding regimes used in our experiment: restricted and unaltered. All females were fed on experimental days 0, 12 and 16. Restricted feeding regimes mimicked altered feeding behaviors observed during malaria infection and were denied blood meals on days 4 and 8. Unaltered feeding regimes fed every 4 days. A sample size of 100 female mosquitoes was used for each treatment in each of two replicates. We included a sham treatment only in Replicate 2. All mosquitoes received a 2.5 percent sucrose solution on days without blood meals